Mf4 chapter 5

The straight line

5.1 gradient of a straight line
Type of gradient
State the vertical distance, the horizontal
distance and the gradient of the line XY
Vertical distance
=

Horizontal
distance =

Gradient =
5.2 gradient of straight lines in
cartesian coordinates.
Calculate the gradient of a straight line
passes through the two points as given.
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Based on the diagram below, state the straight
lines which have the gradient as given
(a)Positive gradient
:
(b)Negative
gradient :

(c)Zero gradient :

(d)Undefined
gradient :
5.3 intercept
1. The x-intercept
is the x-
coordinate of
where the
straight line
cuts the x-axis
2. The y-intercept
is the y-
coordinate of
where the
straight line
cuts the y-axis.
 gradient

Gradient , m = ̶ y-intercept
x-intercept
= ̶ b
a
1. Determine the x-intercept, y-intercept
and gradient of the following straight line
X-intercept =

Y-intercept =

Gradient , m =
Example 2

Gradient , m =
Example 3

Gradient , m =
Example 4

Gradient , m =
2. State the gradient of a straight line according
to the following x-intercept and y-intercept
(a) x-intercept = 4 (b) x-intercept = - 10
y-intercept = 6 y-intercept = 5

(c) x-intercept = 12 (d) x-intercept = - 3

y-intercept = - 4 y-intercept = -9
 3. State (i) x-intercept, (ii) y-intercept, (iii)
gradient of a straight line passes through the
points as given.

(a) (4, 0) and (0, 6)

(i) x-intercept =

(ii) y-intercept =

(iii) Gradient =
 Example 2
(b) (0, 5) and ( - 10, 0)
(i) x-intercept =

(ii) y-intercept =

(iii) Gradient =
 Example 3
(c) ( - 15, 0) and (0, 12 )
(i) x-intercept =

(ii) y-intercept =

(iii) Gradient =
 Example 4
(d) ( 0, - 3) and ( - 5 , 0)
(i) x-intercept =

(ii) y-intercept =

(iii) Gradient =
4. Find y-intercept of the following
(a) x- intercept = 4 (b) x-intercept = 3
gradient = ½ gradient = - 5/6
 Find the x-intercept
(c) y-intercept = ½ (d) y-intercept = - 8
gradient = - ¾ gradient = 12
 5.4 equation of a straight line
1. The standard equation of a straight line is

y = mx + c
Where m = gradient
c = y-intercept
 1. Given the gradient, m and y-intercept, c.
Write the equation of the following straight line
(a) m = ̶ 3, c = 6 (b) m = 1/3 , c = ̶ 7
(c) m =2, c = 5 (d) m = - 2/5 , c = ̶ 3
 Determine the gradient, m and y-
intercept, c, of the following equation.
(a) Y = 5x – 6 (b) y = ̶ x + 9

(c) 3y = 4x – 6 (d) 2 y = ̶ 8 x + 3
 3. Write the equation of y = mx + c
using given gradient and point.
(a) m = 2, ( - 3 , 0) (b) m = - 2/3 ; ( 0, 4)
(c) M = ¼; (5, ̶ 2 ) (d) m = ̶ 4/5, ( ̶ 10, 7)
4. Write the equation when given two
points.
(a) (4,8), (2, 6)
(b) ( 3, 6) ,( ̶ 1, 7 ) (c) ( ̶ 2, ̶ 5) , (1 , 4)
(d) (2, ̶ 3) , ( ̶ 3 , ̶ 10)
5. Find the equation of the following
straight lines.
(a) GH (b) IJ
(c) HI (d) GJ
6. Find the intersection point of the straight lines by
drawing the lines .
 7. Find the intersection point by
solving the simultaneous equation .
(a) y = 5x + 6, y = 3x – 2
 Example 2
(b) y = ̶ x + 4, 3 y = x – 12
 Example 3
(c) y = 3x + 2, y = ̶ x + 5
 Example 4
(d) 3x + 5y = 7, 7 x – 6y = ̶ 19
 Example 5
(e) Y = ½ x + 8 , 5x + 3y = 11
 5.5 parallel lines

both lines are parallel , if

m₁ = m₂
 1. Determine whether the following
pair of straight line is parallel or not.
(a) y = x + 1
y+x=7
 Example 2
(b) y – 0.2 x = 2
5y=x+6
 Example 3
(c) 2 y – x = 10
x=5–2y
 Example 4
(d) x – 3y = 9
y – 1/3 x + 9 = 0
2. Find the equation of a straight line passes through a
point and parallel to the straight line given.

example 1 :
y = 3 – 5x ; (4,5)
 Example 2
y = 2 – 3x ; (3, ̶ 1 )
 Example 3
x – 3y = 1 ; ( ̶ 3, 6)
 Example 4
4y – 3x + 5 = 0 ; (3, ̶ 2)