The Goal of a Transmission

 Cars need transmissions because of the physics of the

IC engine
 First, any engine has a redline -- a maximum rpm
value above which the engine cannot go without
exploding
 Second, engines have narrow rpm ranges where
horsepower and torque are at their maximum
 The transmission allows the gear ratio between the
engine and the drive wheels to change as the car
speeds up and slows down
 You shift gears so the engine can stay below the
redline and near the rpm band of its best performance
Manual Transmission
 Also known as stick shift or standard
transmission uses different sets of gears to
change the gear ratio
 The manual transmission locks and unlocks
different sets of gears to the output shaft to
achieve the various gear ratios
 They allow a greater proportion of the engine's
power to be used, and because they give
drivers the greatest possible degree of control
over the operation of the vehicle's power
Types of Gear Boxes
 Crash mesh or Sliding mesh gear
box

 Constant mesh gear box

 Synchromesh gear box

Sliding mesh gear box
1. drive shaft
from engine
2. counter shaft
3. main shaft
4. I gear
5. II gear
6. III gear
7. top speed
engaging
dogs
Sliding mesh gear box –
I gear position
Sliding mesh gear box –
II gear position
Sliding mesh gear box –
III gear position
Sliding mesh gear box –
reverse gear position
Sliding mesh gear box –
Disadvantages
 Only Straight cut (Spur) can be used. So
more wear
 Straight-cut gears had to be matched in
speed before being brought into mesh
together. The result was a horrible
grinding noise - crashing the gears, as it
was known
 changing gear requires considerable skill
 Double de-clutching
 This is to match the speed of the rotating parts of the
gearbox for the gear you wish to select to the speed of the
input shaft driven by the engine. Once the speeds are
matched, the gear will engage smoothly..
 To perform it, the clutch is pressed and the gearbox
shifted into neutral gear. The clutch is released, the
throttle is "blipped" which applies power to the
disengaged gearbox, thus speeding it up internally. The
clutch is pressed for the second time and the gear lever
moved (smoothly) to the desired gear. The clutch is
released again, and the drive continues. This operation is
suitable for a down change.
 For an upchange, it is usually sufficient to allow the gear
lever to rest momentarily in neutral and no "blip" is
applied.
Constant mesh gear box
 Constant mesh gear box
 Constant-mesh gearboxes are quieter
and slicker, also less wear because of
Helical gears
 More frictional losses due to meshing of
all gears all time
 But you still have to match the spinning
speeds before you could engage the
chosen gear, i.e. need for double-de-
clutching
Synchromesh gear box
 In a synchromesh gearbox, gears
can freely rotate or be locked to
the shaft
 It consists of a sliding collar
which bridges between two
circular rings with teeth on them
- one travels with the gear, one
with the shaft. When the rings
are bridged, the gear is locked
to the shaft. To match the speed
of the gear to that of the shaft
as the gear is engaged, the
collar initially applies a force to
a cone shaped clutch which is
attached to the gear. This spins
the gear up or down in speed to
match the shaft prior to
engagement of the collar.