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Biochemical

Engineering
CHE 461

Dr. Abrar Faisal


Assistant Professor
Course Introduction
Syllabus
 Introduction
 An Overview of Biological Basics
 Basic Biochemistry
 Enzymes [Kinetics, Immobilized Enzyme
Systems]
 Microbial Cell Growth Kinetics
 Microbial Metabolism
 Transport Phenomenon in Biological Systems
 Bioreactor Design and Analysis
 Applications of Biochemical Engineering 2
Course Contents/Time Line
Microbiology and Biochemistry
Basic Concepts and Principles
Introduction: Microbiology and Basic Biochemistry
Enzyme Catalysis/ Microbial Kinetics
Chemical and Biochemical Kinetics
Cell Kinetics
Microbial Metabolism
Major Metabolic Pathways: Bioenergetics, Glucose Metabolism, Biosynthesis.
Unit operations and apparatus for Biosystems
(i) Heat Transfer & Mass Transfer
(ii) Bioreactors
Design, Analysis and Stability of Bioreactors.
Practical Aspects in Bioengineering
(i) Fermentation
(ii) Downstream operations in Bioprocesses
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Course Introduction
Learning Objectives

By completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Describe key concepts in microbiology and biochemistry, and their


application in biochemical engineering [Identify the structure of cells, different cell
types, and the basic chemical elements of living cells].
2. Explain enzyme functions and enzyme immobilization technology
3. Determine kinetic parameters (such as reaction rate, saturation constant,
endogenous metabolism coefficient, and yield coefficient, rate of
production, rate parameters, inhibition coefficients and velocity constants).
4. Evaluate oxygen, and mass transfer requirements for aerobic
bioprocesses.
5. Select an appropriate type and volume of bioreactor for practical
applications.
6. Explain how microorganisms and biochemical processes can be applied in
engineered systems and processes. 4
Course Introduction
Books

1. James Bailey, David ollis “Biochemical Engineer Fundamentals”, 1988, 2nd


Ed., McGraw Hill
2. Shigeo K., F. Yoshida, “Biochemical Engineering: A Textbook for
Engineers, Chemists and Biologists”, 2009, Wiley-VCH
3. Douglas S. Clark and Harvey W. Blanch, “Biochemical Engineering
(Chemical Industries)”, 1997,1st Ed., CRC Press
4. Shuler, Michael L., Fikret Kargi, “Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts”,
2001, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall PTR
5. James M. Lee., “Biochemical Engineering”, 1992, Prentice-Hall Inc.

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Course Introduction
Class Project
Examples of topics (Not limited to;):
 Group task (4-5 students).
1. Syngas fermentation for the production of ethanol
2.

Microbial production of hydrogen
Review of any technology that must have applications in, or involve chemical
3. Algae for biodiesel
engineering, production
and should primarily be biotechnology oriented.
4. Algae for wastewater treatment
5. Activated sludge process for the treatment of municipal and industrial
 Review may include:
wastewaters
i. Introduction
6. Bioethanol separation from fermentation broth
ii. Historical development
7. Bioreactors for wastewater treatment
iii. Design and operating
8. Stabilization criteria wastewater sludge and municipal solid
of municipal
Limitations
iv. wastes by methanogenesis
Conclusion of drinking-water supplies to produce biologically stable
9. Nitrification
v.
water
10.Bioremediation of heavy metals
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Course Introduction
Class Project Time Line

Topic selections September 22 (4pm)


Descriptions (One page) September 29 (4pm)
Full version October 30
– 10-15 pages double spaced
Presentations
– After submissions
–Submissions through turnitin software
– Zero tolerance for plagiarism
– References and citation style should be same with final year design
projects

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Introduction
What is Biochemical Engineering?

Design and construction of unit processes that involve biological organisms or


molecules
 Extension of chemical engineering principles to the systems using
biological catalysts to bring chemical transformations (Conducting
biological processes on industrial scale)
 Bio-reaction engineering and Bio-separations

Bioprocess Engineering vs Biochemical Engineering?

Application of principles of engineering disciplines (mechanical, electrical, &


industrial) to the processes based on living catalysts (e.g., biosensors
development)
Draws primarily from chemical engineering
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Not restricted to well-defined artificially constructed processes
Introduction

Bioengineering Vs Biological Engineering?

 Broader term: include work on medical and agricultural


systems
 Its practitioners include mechanical, electrical,
industrial, agricultural, environmental, and
chemical engineers.

 Biological engineering is similar to bioengineering, but


emphasis is application to plants and animals.
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Introduction
What do biochemical engineers do?

 Typical employers come from all sectors of the


biotechnology industries, including those with interests
in pharmaceuticals, food, environment, waste
treatment, and consulting

 Formation of desired products through processes


involving biocatalysts
 Destruction of undesirable, and hazardous
materials
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Introduction
What do biochemical engineers do?
 Specialties include (but not limited to)
 Fermentations and reactors
 Purification processes
 Enzymes and kinetics

What is Biotechnology?
Commercial technique that
 use living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify
a product including techniques used for the:
 Improvement of characteristics of economically important plants, and
animals, and
 for the development of microorganism to act on environment 11
Introduction
 Application areas of Biotechnology?

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Introduction
 Typical Biological Process?

1. What change can be expected to occur?


2. How fast the process will take place?
3. How can the system be operated and
controlled for the maximum yield
Fermentation: The process for the 4. How can the products be separated with
production of alcohol or maximum purity and minimum costs?
lactic acid from glucose (C6H12O6).

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An enzymatically controlled transformation of an organic compound.
Introduction
 Typical Biological Process?
Advantages Recombinant DNA
 allows the direct manipulation of
 Mild reaction condition genetic material of individual cells
 may be used to develop
 Specificity
microorganisms that produce new
 Effectiveness
=> products as well as useful
 Renewable resources organisms.
 Genetic engineering: Laboratory  Here a foreign gene is spliced for a
desired product into circular forms
Technology for genetic of DNA (plasmids), which is inserted
manipulation within living cells into an organism, so that the foreign
gene can be expressed to produce
Disadvantages the product from the organism.
Cell fusion
 Complex product mixtures  is a process to form a single hybrid
 Dilute aqueous environments cell with nuclei and cytoplasm from
two different types of cells in order to
 Contamination
combine the desirable 14
 Variability characteristics of the two.
Introduction
 Generalized view of a bioprocess

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Introduction
Assignment No.1

Read any one article as a general introduction to biotechnology.


Bring a copy of the article and be ready to present and explain it during
Class (September 26).
5 minutes presentation

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