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INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

Shriram K Vasudevan
Session – 2
Learning gets better here!!

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AGENDA

• Challenges and Issues – IoT


• Components in IoT
• The Statistics
• Value creation for industry

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1. SECURITY

• Security is an essential pillar of the Internet


• Rated 'the’ most significant challenge for the IoT.
• Increasing the number of connected devices increases the opportunity to
exploit security vulnerabilities, as do poorly designed devices, which can
expose user data to theft by leaving data streams inadequately protected and
in some cases people’s health and safety (implanted, Internet-enabled
medical devices and hackable cars) can be put at risk.
• Many IoT deployments will also consist of collections of identical or near
identical devices. This homogeneity magnifies the potential impact of any
single security vulnerability by the sheer number of devices that all have the
same characteristics.
• If the IOT devices are poorly secured, cyber attackers will use them as entry
IoT Session 1
points to cause harm to other devices in the network 06-04-2019 3

Source : Texas Instruments White Paper Article.


2. PRIVACY ISSUES

• Privacy issues - The possibility of tracking and surveillance of people by government and private
agencies increases as the devices are constantly connected to the internet.
• These devices collect user data without their permission, analyse them for purposes only known
to the parent company. The social embrace of the IOT devices leads people to trust these devices
with collection of their personal data without understanding the future implications.

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3. SENSING A COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT

• Have you ever had a shipment of expensive temperature-sensitive prescription drugs sent to your home?
What if the container was opened allowing the contents to increase in temperature and you weren’t
absolutely sure how high of a temperature and for how long the medicine had been exposed to?

• Cold-chain management, which is a form of asset tracking, entails all of the means used to ensure a
constant temperature for a product from the time it is manufactured or farmed until it is used or consumed.
These are just some of the industries involved:

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4. CONNECTIVITY

• The 2.4 GHz band became very popular because it is allowed for
unlicensed use in all regions.
• Most of the usable spectrum in most regions is designated as licensed,
i.e., users need to buy a license from the local regulator to operate a
radio transmitter in a designated frequency channel. A familiar
example for licensed frequency bands use is cellular communication

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5. POWER

• Even with improved batteries and green sources like solar and wind, just meeting the
demand will be difficult. However, add issues like the wasted energy and pollutants,
and powering the IoT could become a major social problem in its own right within
the next decade.

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6. COMPLEXITY

No Many Training Kits are available. Needs


development in this sector and increased reach out is
required.

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7. CLOUD

• How much safer?


• Cost?
• Access restrictions, availability, scalability etc.

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8. INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES
• Inter-operatability standard issues - In an ideal environment, information
exchange should take place between all the interconnected IoT devices.
• But the actual scenario is inherently more complex and depends on various levels of
communication protocols stacks between such devices.
• The OEM's producing industry ready IoT devices will need to invest a lot of money
and time to create standardized protocols common for all IoT devices or else it will
delay product deployment across different verticals.

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9. WASTE DISPOSAL
• As countries like China and India continue to industrialize, and the Internet of Things
comes online, the problem is only going to continue.
• Smart devices with a lifespan of only a few years, they seem likely to double or triple
the problem.

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CURRENT TREND

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COMPONENTS IN IOT
• IoT detailed architecture

Source : https://www.cognizant.com/perspectives/the-internet-of-things-qa-unleash

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Source: http://uk.rs-online.com/web/generalDisplay.html?id=i/iot-internet-of-things
CONTD.,
• Data
• There are three core elements typically
referenced in the IoT architecture. • Things generate data – small bytes of simple data representing sensed
information such as, temperature, humidity or position. This is often
• Things – Devices that have a means of described as ‘little data’ as it is small in size.

connecting (wired or wirelessly) to a • Once multiple devices pass this little data up through the network to the
wider network. cloud it is consolidated and tracked over time often becoming ever larger.
This is sometimes described as ‘big data’ and this is where the IoT becomes
• Network – Similar to your router at really clever.

home, the network or gateway connects • Big data allows you to interrogate thousands or millions of data
points in order to learn, understand or control something more
multiple things to the cloud. effectively.
• Cloud – Remote servers in a data centre • Using analytics from sensors allows you to connect events to results or
consolidating and storing your data actions. For example, knowing that it is getting darker later in spring using
ambient light sensors on street lights means they can be turned on later to
safely and securely. save electricity.

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CONTD.,

• IoT Protocols
• There are lots of languages or protocols emerging suited
to the IoT, from traditional Wi-Fi or Bluetooth to newly
defined LoraWAN™ and Sigfox.
• Each is suited to different uses dependant on several key
factors:
• Data Rate – How much information is being sent?
• Power Consumption – For example wearables only have
a small amount of battery life?
• Range – Does it need to be transmitted a few meters or a
few kilometres?
• Frequency – What frequencies are available to use in the
region?
Source : http://uk.rs-online.com/web/generalDisplay.html?id=i/iot-internet-of-
things

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SO THE DATA IS RECEIVED FROM…

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VALUE CREATION FOR INDUSTRY
The global network connecting people, data and
machines are transforming the modern business is also
called Industrial Internet.

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IDC (INTERNATIONAL DATA CORPORATION)
PREDICTION ON IOT

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Shriram K Vasudevan
IoT Session 1 THANKS! 06-04-2019 19

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