KINGDOM ANIMALIA

MR. REWEY F. LAVILLES

THE SIX KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Archezoa
• Protozoa
• Chromista
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Animalia
• The Animal Kingdom has an estimated number of 1.3 million extant
species.
ANIMALS BASED ON THEIR BACKBONE
INVERTEBRATES VERTEBRATES
INVERTEBRATES
• Invertebrates comprise 95% of the Animal Kingdom.
• Majority of the invertebrates are insects which are more species-rich than
all other forms of life combined.
Characteristics of Invertebrates
• Cold-blooded
• Devoid from hard bony skeleton
• Live in various habitats
• No lungs for respiration (Respiration is through skin)
• Some possess a hard, chitinous exoskeleton.
• Most of them have tissues.
• Most of them reproduce sexually.
• Few are sedentary, some are motile.
• Most are organized with symmetric body organization.
• They are heterotrophs.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
INVERTEBRATES
PHYLUM PORIFERA
Phylum Porifera
• Sponges
• Sedentary
• Suspension feeders
• Basal animals
• Lack true tissues
• Most are sequential hermaphrodites.
PHYLUM CNIDARIA
Phylum Cnidaria
• Corals, jellyfishes and hydras
• Ancient phylum of eumetazoans (true tissues)
• Sessile (polyp) and motile (medusa)
• Dipoblastic, radial symmetry
• Has a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening
• Simplest form of nervous system (nerve net)
Hydrozoans
Jellyfishes
Scyphozoans Cubozoans
Anthozoans
Sea Anemones Corals
PHYLUM CTENOPHORA
Phylum Ctenophora
• Comb jellies
• Diploblastic, radial symmetry
• Eight combs of cilia
• Exhibit bioluminiscence
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Flatworms (tapeworms, planarians, flukes)

• Marine, freshwater and damp terrestrial habitats
• Includes free-living and parasitic species
• Flattened dorsoventrally
• Tripoblastic aceolomates
• Bilateral symmetry
• Have a central nervous system
• Has a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening
• No body cavity or organs for circulation
Parasitic Species
Trematodes Tapeworms
PHYLUM ANNELIDA
Phylum Annelida
• Segmented worms
• Sea, freshwater habitats and damp soil
• Exhibit segmentation
• Coelomates
• Earthworms and leeches are the most familiar annelids but the phylum
consists primarily of marine and freshwater species.
Oligochaetes
Earthworms Leech
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
Phylum Mollusca
• Snails, slugs, bivalves, squids and octopuses
• 93,000 known species (second most diverse phylum)
• Majority are marine, some are in freshwater and on land
• Soft bodies covered in shell (except in cephalopods)
• Coelomates
• Three main parts: foot, visceral mass and mantle
Gastropods

• Snails and sea slugs

• Most are marine
• Adapted to life on land
• Undergo torsion
• Single, spiraled shell
• Move by means of a rippling
motion of the foot
• Terrestrial snails lack gills.
Bivalves
• Clams, oysters, mussels, scallops
• Shell divided into two halves and
are hinged
• All aquatic
• No distinct head and the radula
has been lost
• Suspension feeders
• Sedentary
Cephalopods
• Octopus, squid, nautilus
• Active marine predators
• Tentacles to grasp prey
• The mantle covers the visceral
mass but the shell is generally
reduced and internal
• Only molluscs with a closed
circulatory system
• Well-developed sense organs
and a complex brain
Chitons Tusk-shells
PHYLUM NEMATODA
Phylum Nematoda
• Roundworms
• Abundant and diverse in the soil and in aquatic habitats
• Does not have segmented bodies
• Fine tip at the posterior end and blunter tip at the anterior end
• Many species parasitize plants and animals.
• Has a tough cuticle that coats the body
• Has an alimentary canal but no circulatory system
• Most reproduce sexually.
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Phylum Arthropoda
• Comprises the vast majority of known animal species
• Estimated to be 1018 million living on earth
• Insects, crustaceans, arachnids
• Body completely covered by the cuticle
• Have a segmented exoskeleton and joined appendages
• Well-developed sense organs
• Open circulatory system
Chelicerates
• Named for their chelicerae
• Have an anterior cephalothorax
and posterior abdomen
• Lack antennae and most have
simple eyes
• Eurypterids (sea spiders and
horseshoe crabs) and arachnids
(scorpions, spiders, ticks and
mites)
Myriapods
• Millipedes and centipedes
• Terrestrial
• Has a pair of antennae and three
pairs of appendages modified as
mouthparts, including
mandibles
Insects

• Species-rich than all forms of life

combined
• Live in almost every terrestrial
habitat and in fresh water, and
flying insects fill the air. Insects are
rare in marine habitats.
• Flight is their great success
• Undergo metamorphosis
• Reproduction is usually sexual.
Crustaceans
• Highly specialized appendages
• Sexes are separate.
• Malacostraca (crabs, lobsters,
crayfish, shrimp, krill, mantis
shrimp) and Maxillopoda
(barnacles and copepods)
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
Phylum Echinodermata
• Sand dollars, sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
• Exclusively marine
• Slow moving or sessile
• Deuterostomes
• Bilaterally symmetrical as larva but not as adults
• Has a network of internal canals to pump water to different parts of
their body
Asteroidea
Sea Stars Sea Daisies
Echinoidea
Sea Urchin Sand Dollar
Crinoidea
Sea Lily Feather Star
Ophiuroidea (Brittle Stars) Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)
OTHER PHYLA OF INVERTEBRATES
• Placozoa • Cycliophora • Hemichordata
• Acoela • Nemertea • Chordata
• Ectoprocta • Loricifera
• Rotifera • Priapula
• Brachiopoda • Onychophora
• Acanthocephala • Tardigrada
VERTEBRATES
• There are currently around 65,000 known species of vertebrate
animals, but vertebrates are only around 3% of all the animals on Earth.
Most of the animal species are invertebrates.
• Vertebrates tend to be much more intelligent than invertebrates.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
VERTEBRATES
Characteristics of Vertebrates
• Presence of backbone
• Can either be cold-blooded or warm-blooded
FISHES
Fishes
• 32000 species
• Only vertebrates without terrestrial species
• Have gills that let them breathe underwater
• Also have the presence of gills
Three Classes of Fishes
• Agnatha – jawless fish
• Chrondrichthyes – cartilaginous fish
• Osteichthyes – bony fish
Class Agnatha
• Jawless fish and lack paired fins
• Lack the internal skeletal system
• Presence of a circular tooth mouth (cyclostomic) by which they bore
the body of their victim and suck their blood
• Hagfish and Lamprey
Class Chrondrichthyes
• Fearsome predators and harmless mollusk eaters
• Poses true bone and skeleton made of cartilage
• Only the teeth of this species and rarely the vertebrae are calcified
• Sharks, Skates and Rays
Class Osteichthyes
• Have more or less bony skeleton and numerous vertebrae
• Presence of mucous glands and embedded dermal scales
• Have paired fins
• Jaws are present
• Gill arches support the gills and are protected by the operculum
• Lungfish, eels, carp, lizardfish, silversides and salmon
CLASS AMPHIBIA
Class Amphibia
• Cold-blooded and oviparous
• Start out their lives living in the water with gills and later develop lungs
then moved to land
• The word “amphibian” means two-lives, one in the water and one on
land
• Most larval amphibians are herbivores but predators and carnivores
once they become adults
• Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders
CLASS SAUROPSIDA
REPTILES
Class Sauropsida
• Cold-blooded and oviparous
• Their skin is covered with hard and dry scales
• Alligators, crocodiles, snakes, lizards and turtles
What’s the Difference Between Reptiles and
Amphibians?
• Amphibians go through a larval stage while reptiles don’t.
• Reptiles have scales for skin, but amphibians have moist, glandular
skin.
CLASS AVES
BIRDS
Class Aves
• Only vertebrates with feathers
• Wings and hollow bones are also main features
• All species are viviparous
• Well known for their massive migrating patterns
• Have a history of helping out humans
CLASS MAMMALIA
Class Mammalia
• Warm-blooded and most are oviparous
• Nurse their young with milk (mammary glands)
• Presence of fur/hair
• Most mammals have teeth except for the anteater
• Smartest animals
How Mammals Give Birth to Their Young?
• Live Young
• Marsupials
• Egg Laying