ADVANCE SERVICES

UNIT -2 ELECTONIC SYSTEMS

RAMYA .A - 13031AA003
B. SUSHMITHA -13031AA021
JENITA MEHTA – 13031AA051
RAMAN LOYA - 13031AA070
NAVYATHA -13031AA075
PIYUSH -13031AA099
SRUJANI
 FLOW OF BUILDING MANAGEMENT
Building management

General systems Security systems

Telephone and Access flooring

communications
Burglar Video
Design of surveillance
alarms
computer Labs

EPABX, PBX, IPBX Access control

Server room
TELEPHONE AND COMMUNIATIONS
OFFICE TELEPHONE SYSTEMS:
• For any business which requires
multiple telephones within a
building as a primary means of
• MULTILINE PHONE
communication, professionally SYSTEM
designed telephone systems are a 1
must.
• Of course, small businesses can • ROLLOVERS
and should take advantage of
some of the other features of 2
telephone systems. These may
include automated directory • PBX :PRIVATE
services; call blocking, BRANCH
forwarding, parking, transferring 3 EXCHANGE
and waiting; the ability to make
conference calls; music or a • IVR (INTERACTIVE
custom message whenever VOICE CONTROL)
someone is placed on hold; voice 4 SYSTEMS
mail; et cetera.
1.MULTILINE PHONE SYSTEMS:
• For standard multiline phones,
typically up to 10 phone lines are
connected to each phone unit and
can be answered individually these
are typically represented as lines
and are usually supported by a
receptionist.
2.ROLLOVERS:
• One option for your multiline
system is called a rollover system.
• For these, you use typical multiline
phone devices but only publish one
line in phone directories, websites
and other press or contact materials.
• This allows you to have one phone
number that your customers call, but
the system will use multiple lines in
an ascending order when the first is
busy, allowing you to put customers
on hold, transfer calls to other
people and have multiple employees
answer lines.
3.Interactive Voice
Response (IVR) SYSTEM:
• Interactive Voice Response (IVR) is an
automated telephony system that interacts
with callers, gathers information and routes
calls to the appropriate recipient.
• An IVR system (IVRS) accepts a
combination of voice telephone input and
touch-tone keypad selection and provides
appropriate responses in the form of voice,
fax, call back, e-mail and perhaps other
media.
•
PBX:
PBX stands for Private Branch Exchange, which is a private telephone network used within a company.
• Users of the PBX phone system share a number of outside lines for making external phone calls.
• A PBX connects the internal telephones within a business and also connects them to the public switched telephone
network (PSTN), VoIP Providers and SIP Trunks.
• One of the latest tendencies in PBX phone system development is the VoIP PBX, also known as IP PBX, which uses
the Internet Protocol to transmit calls.

• MULTILINE PHONE
SYSTEM
1

• ROLLOVERS
2
• PBX :PRIVATE
BRANCH
3 EXCHANGE

• IVR (INTERACTIVE
VOICE CONTROL)
4 SYSTEMS
4.EPBAX (Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange)
 ACCESS FLOORING
What is a raised access floor system?
A raised access floor comprises of load bearing floor panels laid in a
horizontal grid supported by adjustable vertical pedestals to provide an under
floor space for the housing and distribution of services.

COMPONENTS OF ACCESS
FLOORING

Floor Panel Stringer Pedestal

This is a horizontal
This is the complete vertical,
component that
This is the horizontal load adjustable supporting structure to
connects pedestals
bearing component of a the raised floor panels. The
together. It connects to
raised floor. It is normally pedestals are normally bonded to
the pedestal head and
24"x 24" square (industry the sub floor using a epoxy resin
is used to provide
standard module size) but based adhesive with mechanical
additional lateral
can be 24" metric square. fixings also provided if required.
support at greater floor
These floor panels will be The pedestal assembly provides
height and/or increase
supplied as either bare vertical adjustment of 1½" to
the structural
finished to accept a carpet allow the raised floor to be
performance of the
tile finish on site or, with a installed flat and level despite
raised floor system.
factory bonded finish. undulations in the sub floor.
 Where is a raised access
floor used
CALL
OFFICES CENTERS

WORKING DATA FINANCIAL

SPACES PROCESSING OFFICES
CENTERS

Why use a raised

access floor
Quick and easy . The underfloor void
access to the ever or cavity depth is
increasing volume of often used as a large
power, data and duct for HVAC
telecom services systems.
found within a . Accessibility is a major
modern building. consideration. People
want easy access to the
services for
maintenance, rerouting
or upgrading with as little
disruption as possible to
the work process.
 INSTALLATION PROCESS

STEP 1 – VERIFY FIELD DIMENSIONS VS.

DRAWINGS AND CHECK SUBFLOOR FOR
GRADE VARIATIONS
STEP 2 – CHECK STARTING
POINT

STEP 3 - ESTABLISH CONTROL LINES

FROM STARTING POINT

STEP 4 – SPREAD PEDESTALS

STEP 5 – LEVEL PEDESTALS IN PROPER POSITION

STEP 6 - ATTACH PEDESTALS TO THE SUBFLOOR WITH ADHESIVE

STEP 8 - CREATE THE SHORT LEG OF THE ‘L’ SECTION AND FILL IN THE ‘L’

STEP 7 - CREATE THE ‘L’ SECTION (POSILOCK™ AND STRINGER SYSTEMS)

STEP 9 - INSTALLING PANELS AROUND LARGE OBSTRUCTIONS

Initial electrical installation RACE WAYS
in building

Cable raceways Raceways duct

COMPUTER LABS:
SECURITY SYSTEMS IN A BUILDING
I. VIDEO SURVEILLANCE
• The word ‘surveillance’ means to
observe a specific area or to monitor the
activities of individual or a group.
• The first CCTV system was installed by
Siemens AG at Test Stand VII to
observe the launching of rockets. And
later on, it was used for observing public
area.

• During 1990, digital multiplexing

allowed more than one camera to record
at once which has increased the use of
CCTV.

CCTV syste m
• Closed-circuit television (CCTV)
cameras can produce images and
recordings for surveillance purposes,
and can be either video cameras, or
digital stills cameras.

• Marine Van Brittan was the inventor of

the CCTV camera.
MAINLY DIVIDED INTO 2 TYPES:
CCTV

ANALOG SYSTEM IP SYSTEM

 Components of CCTV System- Analog System
3.Hard disk 4.wiring 5.Power 6. Connector
1.Camera 2. DVR
for recording supply – BNC or RJ45
wiring- for video- coaxial Wiring – for power (not
or CAT5 with video balun required iv video balun is used)
1. Camera
- starting point of the CCTV systems 7.Switch/ POE
- night vision technology based cameras are used for low light conditions. switch in case of
POE used.
2. Monitor
- Operators view footage from central location on the monitor.
- dedicated monitor : display video from a single camera
- call up monitor : access multiple cameras at the same video
3. Cable
- coaxial cable : for transmitting video footage from
cameras
- expensive and difficult to install

4. DVR ( Digital Video Recorder )

- Convert the analog footage to digital which extends the storage capacity
- makes it easy to search archived footage
- allows users to stream video over a network for remote viewing from multiple
locations.
 IP CAMERA SYSTEM
1. IP Camera
- Front part of the system
- Available with different levels of image quality.

2. Network Video Recorder ( NVR )

- a very crucial component of IP system
- responsible for video monitoring, event management and
storage
- various compression techniques are used to optimize the
storage like MPEG-4
3. Power over Ethernet ( PoE )
- With PoE, data transmissions from the camera
and power to the camera are all relayed through a
single Ethernet cable
- allows the installation of a camera in such area
where power outlets are not available

4. Image sensor
(i) CCD ( Charge Coupled Device ) :
- specially used for low light situation as they are
very sensitive
- more expensive than others
- consumes 100 times more power than CMOS
sensor
(ii) CMOS (Complimentary metal oxide semiconductor)
- produces high resolution images
- uses less power than CCD

5. Monitor
- placed at central location to view a footage
- can be used to view the footage from single camera or multiple
cameras
 Day and Lens
Night Camera
Selection Form Factor
Outdoor vs. Surveillance
Indoor
POE (only
for IP) /
Video Camera Selection Power source
Codec
Motion
Viewing detection
Wireless

Types of CCTV Camera

1. Fixed Cameras 2. PTZ Cameras ( Pan Tilt Zoom Cameras )

- points in a single direction - ideal for wide-area surveillance

- monitors specific area of interest
- mostly installed in clearly visible areas
- effective in capturing footage of suspicious
activity
- direction of camera is set during installation
- gives the ability to remotely control pan, tilt,
and zoom functions to follow activity and to
zoom in for detailed monitoring
- an area where analog CCTV cameras fall
behind their IP camera counterparts.
 Type of camera and their Use
• 1.Dome Camera
Dome cameras typically are best choices whenever possible
• When the camera is within someone’s reach domes cannot be easily manipulated or vandalized
• Domes Installs easy in drop ceilings – usually 2 screws
• Since a dome has a covered lens the direction the camera is pointing is hidden
• Dome can accommodate infra-red for night vision
• Dome are not always weather proof camera so these are not suited for outside peripherals.
• As the dome camera themselves are typically small the lens size are limited, Although some
dome camera comes with vari-focal lens but the size are limited

• 2.Box Camera
Box camera are to be considered when
• When mounting to a wall or any vertical area
• When viewing distance where a long lens is required which would not fit inside a dome
or bullet camera
• When extreme low light (moon light, or a very far street light) are not a consideration
• Box camera comes with WDR and Day Night technology
• Can incorporate various lens like Auto IRIS, Manual IRIS and Fixed IRIS etc.
• Requires a housing for weather proofing and vandal proofing
• When considering this camera accessories like lens, housing, stand etc are to be
considered
 Type of camera and itsUse
• Infra Red or IR Bullet Camera
IR Bullet camera are to be considered when
• When the lights are extremely low or pitch dark
• When the camera are not within someone reach
• The distance infra red can see are based upon its illumination capacity. Infra red camera have LED which cast out
into darkness.
• The biggest disadvantage of Infra red led do have a limited life and led burns out in some time.
• When ever a infra red led is illuminated it turns the picture to black and white hence reducing the ability of
recognition.
• These came have an advantage of in build IP 66 rated housing and comes with stand.

• Pan Tilt & Zoom or PTZ camera

PTZ camera are to be considered when
• Best suited for patrol duty and open area application – Like border, Airport, Parking lot
etc.
• When we want live control of the camera and adjusting the manual pan, tilt or zoom on
a fixed camera is not practical
• When a tour of the premises is required.
• When several angle is required to be viewed from a single camera
• The cost of a PTZ camera can varies 5-10 times of a fixed camera
• PTZ camera cannot see or record area where it is not looking.
 Advantages of analog CCTV
Lower initial cost - In most cases, analog
cameras cost less up front than IP network
cameras.
-Analog cameras tend to handle low-light
situations better than IP cameras on average
Wide-spread compatibility - Mixing and
matching camera models and surveillance
equipment from different manufacturers is
easy with an analog CCTV setup.
ADVANTAGES OF IP CAMERA DISADVANTAGES OF IP CAMERA
• Flexibility: It can be moved anywhere in
the IP network
• high resolution of the captured images
•Encryption and authentication :
transmission of data is done through
encryption
• Remote access : cameras can be viewed
from any computer anywhere in the world
• PoE : Cameras can operate without
additional power. PoE protocol is used to
feed them through internet cable
Disadvantages of analog CCTV
Expensive cabling - For large-scale surveillance
applications, analog cameras require complicated
cabling schemes that can be quite expensive and also
challenging to install.
Limited features - Many of the advanced features
now available with IP cameras (for instance:
megapixel resolution, digital zoom, and video
analytics), aren't available in analog CCTV models.
• Higher initial price for the camera
• Lack of standards : various IP
camera can encode the video differently
• Technical barrier : Installation of IP
camera, router requires a technician
who knows CCTV technology
• System becomes open to hackers via
internet.
 2. ACCESS CONTROL-
• Access control is a security technique that can be used to regulate who
or what can view or use resources in a computing environment.
How its done
 8 Types of door access control systems
Password Card scanning Tokens Voice control

Voice control Hand print Iris scan Facial scan

Password Card scanning

Tokens
 Voice control Finger print scan Hand print

Facial scan
Retina scan Iris scan
 • Access Control Field Panels
•
• Access control field panels (also known as "Intelligent Controllers") are installed in each building where access
control is to be provided. Card readers, electric lock hardware, and other access control devices are all connected
to the access control field panels.
•
• The access control field panels are used to process access control activity at the building level. The number of
access control field panels to be provided in each building depends on the number of doors to be controlled.
Access control field panels are usually installed in telephone, electrical, or communications closets.
•
• Access Control Server Computer
•
• The access control server computer is the "brain" of the access control system. The access control server
computer serves as the central database and file manager for the access control system; and is responsible for
recording system activity, and distributing information to and from the access control field panels.
•
• Normally, a single access control server computer can be used to control a large number of card-reader
controlled doors.
•
• The access control server computer is usually a standard computer which runs special access control system
application software. In most all cases, the computer is dedicated for full-time use with the access control system.
 WHAT IS BURGLAR ALARM?
• IT IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT EMITS A LOUD NOISE, WHERE THE
UNAUTHORIZED ENTRY HAPPENS IN THE BUILDING.
• BULGLAR ALARM ALSO INCLUDES FIRE PROTECTION AND MEDICAL PROTECTION
FOR SENIOR PERSONS WHO ARE IN NEED OF THEIR EMERGENCY CONDITION.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF BURGLAR ALARM

• BURGLAR ALARM IS ONE OF

THE MOST RELIABLE
MACHINE TO SECURE HOME
OR WORK PLACE
• BURGLAR ALARM WORK
BEGINS WITH THE SENSOR
AND MOTION DETECTORS
• BOTH INSTALLED IN
SEPARATE PLACES, THEY
SEND EMERGENCY SIGNALS
TO THE CONTROL PANEL
ONCE THEY ARE DETECTED

BURGLAR INTRUDER ALARMS

COMPONENTS OF A
BURGLAR ALARM:
 TYPES OF BULGLAR ALARMS MERITS OF A BURGLAR ALARM

• Wireless System: Uses a cellular chip or broadband for

connectivity rather than hardwires
• Video Monitoring: Offers live feeds of what is happening in the
home
• Motion Detector: Detects movement in the house
• Sirens: Produces a loud noise when a detector is triggered
• Intercom System: Allows for communication between different
rooms in the house
• Door and Window Sensor: Detects when a door or window is
opened

• PREVENTS US FROM THEFT

• ENSURES 100% SECURITY
• THE DESIRED RESULT WE SEEK FROM THE
BURGLAR ALARM IS TO CAUSE A SPECIFIC
ALARM OUTPUT AND RESPONSE QUICKLY
WHEN THE SENSOR IDENTIFIES A VALID
CONDITION
 INFRARED BASED SECURITY ALARM

• can detect any movement and trigger the alarm

• This circuit is based on IR sensor where an IR beam is continuously falling on a photodiode, and whenever this
Infrared beam breaks, by any kind of movement, alarm is triggered.

• IR sensor consist an IR LED and photodiode, in which IR LED emits IR radiation and photodiode detects the
radiation. Photodiode conducts current in reverse direction, whenever light falls on it, and voltage across it
changes, this voltage change is sensed by voltage comparator (like LM358) and generates output accordingly.
[Also check: IR Sensor Circuit]
 Circuit Diagram

• In this IR based security alarm circuit, we have placed IR LED in front of photodiode, so that IR light can directly falls
on photodiode. Whenever someone moves through this beam, IR rays stops falling on photodiode and Buzzer start
beeping. Buzzer automatically stops after some time, as buzzer is connected to 555 timer in monostable mode.

• This kind of Alarm can also be build Laser light, (like Laser Security Alarm Circuit) but the benefit of using IR
sensor is that IR light in invisible while Laser is visible. Although both are useful and have different scope.
Components
•IR pair (IR LED and
Photodiode)
•555 timer IC
•IC LM358
•Resistor 100, 10k, 100k, 330,
220 ohm
•Capacitor 10uF
•Variable resistor – 10k
•Buzzer

•Normally the range of IR LED is 2 meter, but it can be increased by using Lens.
•AC alarm can be used in place of Buzzer, by using Relay.
•IR LED and Photodiode must be properly aligned so that IR rays can directly falls on
photodiode.
•The sensitivity of the sensor can be changed by variable resistor RV1.
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Detect carbon monoxide
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As quick as a burglar
Every second matters when a burglar strikes. With ADT monitored The best unmonitored system is one you can
alarm systems, we’re there working for you from the moment the alarm monitor yourself. PhantomLink created a
is raised.​ monitoring product that allows the user to
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•Features
 Resource or SERVER ROOM

• Site locations should be chosen to ensure both proper environmental and physical controls:
• Site locations should be safe from exposure to fire, flood, explosions and other similar hazards.
• Server rooms should be located in areas where noise will not disturb classrooms, offices, etc.
• Noise generated from the server room is 70 decibels.
• 18 to 27 degree Celsius of temperature should be maintained.
SERVER ROOM
A server room is a room, usually air-conditioned, devoted to the continuous operation
of computer servers. An entire building or station devoted to this purpose is a data center.

Flow to server room

Site locations should be chosen to ensure both
proper environmental and physical controls:
 Site locations should be safe from exposure to
fire, flood, explosions and other similar
hazards.
 Server rooms should be located in areas
where noise will not di0sturb classrooms,
offices, etc.
 the ground floor / central location is
probably going to be the easiest /
cheapest to keep cool as that area is
naturally quite chilled, the 1st floor option
would be easiest for a/c vents and is also
nearest the IT group but the outside wall
gets a lot of sun so may be naturally
hotter.
 The server room should have dedicated,
redundant air conditioning sufficient to
maintain temperatures between 65 and 70
degrees Fahrenheit. Fully enclosed racks with
built-in cooling may also be used.
SERVER ROOM
 All server rooms should have solid walls
extending from the floor to ceiling.
 In areas where raised floors or a drop ceiling
are in place, walls should extend below the
raised floor and above the drop ceiling to
PERIMETER prevent an individual from entering the room
LOCATION by climbing under the raised floor or over the
SECURITY
wall by accessing the maintenance space.
 Locked racks or a cage may also be used to
provide a secure perimeter layer.
 The server room must have some form of fire
detection and suppression, adequately
maintained and routinely tested.
 Server rooms must be reasonably free of fire
hazards such as boxes, papers, etc.
 Each server room may have an easily visible
TEMPERATURE FIRE/ FLOOD and accessible clean-agent fire extinguisher. A
CONTROL PROTECTION standard “ABC” fire extinguisher is not
recommended for use around electronic
equipment.
 The server room must be located in an
area that can bear the weight of all
systems, including foreseeable planned
growth.
 When feasible, door frame size should be
sufficient to allow for easy introduction
and removal of equipment. For new
construction, doors should be 42 inches
wide and 9 feet tall. If hinges are exterior
to the room, doors should use locking
hinge pins.
 The ceiling of the room should be at
least 9 feet high.
 The server room should not have exterior
windows.
 The arrangement of equipment should
provide for adequate clearance around
computing racks; 4 feet at the front and 3
feet at the rear is recommended.
 For new construction, an anti-static floor
surface is recommended. Raised floors
with a minimum clearance of 24 inches are
recommended for new construction of
large server rooms.
SERVER ROOM
Cabling must be maintained in an orderly
fashion to reduce the possibility of an
accidental outage.
 The manager of the server room
STRUCTURAL OTHERS must maintain an accurate inventory
CONSIDERATIONS of all systems in the server room.
 Server rooms should not have
conspicuous signage that could attract
POWER unnecessary attention or attack.
 The server room should have sufficient dedicated
circuits for all equipment, plus one or more
additional circuits, as needed for flexibility in the
event a circuit fails.
 All systems must be properly grounded.
 Large rooms should have a clearly-labelled
emergency power-off switch.
 Procedures should be posted in the room
explaining how to respond in the event of a
power failure.
 Server rooms should have emergency lighting to
provide for life safety in the event of a power
outage.
 Alarms and Security Alarm systems
• Critical alarms related to the functioning of the A/C system and physical environment of the room must be mapped into the
Facilities Management Energy Management System.
• The occupying Department must also provide monitoring and alarming separate from the Facilities Management system, as
needed, in order to be notified of critical environmental events in the server room.
• The room should have water sensor alarms reporting to both Facilities Management and the occupying Department.

Air conditioning
• Maintaining a stable temperature and humidity within tight tolerances is critical to IT system reliability. Server
room temperature has to be between 18-27°C or 64-80°F; humidity should be between 40%-60% rH.
• Most server rooms "close control air conditioning "systems, also known as PAC (precision air conditioning)
systems, are installed. These systems control temperature, humidity and particle filtration within tight
tolerances 24 hours a day and can be remotely monitored. They can have built-in automatic alerts when
conditions within the server room move outside defined tolerances.
• Air conditioning designs for most computer or server rooms will vary depending on various design
considerations, but they are generally one of two types: "up-flow" and "down-flow" configurations.

Up-flow air conditioning

This type of air conditioning draws air into the front of the air handler unit (AHU), cools the air over the heat
exchanger, then distributes the cooled air out through the top or through duct work. This air conditioning
configuration is well suited to retro-fitted computer rooms when raised floors are either of inadequate depth
or do not exist at all.
Down-flow air conditioning
Typically, this type of air conditioning unit draws the air into the top of the air handling
unit, cools the air over the heat exchanger, then distributes the air out of the bottom
into the floor void. This conditioned air is then discharged into the server room via
strategically placed floor grilles and onwards to equipment racks. These systems are well
suited to new office buildings where the design can encompass raised floors suitable for
ducting to computer racks.
SERVER ROOM
CASE STUDY
LEGRAND OFFICE
- LOCATION: WHITE HOUSE
BUILDING, BLOCK 2, BEGUMPET.

- ELECTICAL OFFICE.
ACCESS FLOORING
POWER AND DATA DISTRIBUTION AND
CONNECTION
 ACCESS FLOORING

Pop- up boxes on the desk

• The wiring is taken from
the floor to the desk top.

Wiring under the flooring

 ELECTRICAL
CONNECTIONS

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

FIRE SAFETY – SPRINKLER

SYSTEM
CONTROL ROOM