 DEFNITION

 CLASSIFICATION
 ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
 VASOPRESSIN ANALOUGE
 Antidiuretics are the class of drugs that
reduces urine volume .
 They help to control fluid balance in an
animal body by reducing urination
,opposing diuresis.
 Its effect is opposite to that of diuretic.
 Antidiuretics reduce urine
volume,particularly in diabetes
insipidus,which is one of their main
indication.
1.ANTIDIURETIC HARMONE:
Ex:Vasopressin
2.VASOPRESSIN ANALOGS:
Ex:Desmopressin,Terlipressin
Lypressin,Felypressin
3.THIAZIDE DIURETICS:

Ex:chlorthiazide,hydrochlorothiazide,indapamide
metolazone
4.MISCELLANEOUS:
Ex:Chlorpropamide,carbamazepine
Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the
posterior pituitary along with oxytocin.It is
synthesized in the supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei of the
hypothalamus,transported along the
hypothalamohypophyseal tract to the
posterior pituitary and is stored
there.ADH is released in response to two
stimuli-dehaydration and rise in plasma
osmolarity.
 ADH acts on vasopressin receptor –v1
and v2.v1 receptors mediate
vasoconstriction while v2 receptors
mediate water retention in the collecting
duct .Both are G- protein –coupled
receptors.v1 receptors are of two
subtypes v1a –present on vascular and
other smooth muscles ,urinary bladder,
platelets,liver and CNS.V1b receptors are
present on the anterior pituitary.
Contraindications:
It is contraindicated in patients with a
known hypersensitivity to 8-L-arginine
vasopressin or chlorobutanol

Drug interactions:
1.The therapeutic efficacy of vasopressin can be
decreased when used in combination with
Ardeparin.
2.Carbamazepine may decrease the excretion
rate of vasopressin which could result in a higher
serum level.
 Nasal irritation
 Allergy
 Rhinitis
 Atrophy of the nasal mucosa
 Abdominal cramps
 Nausea
 Backache
USES:
1.In bleeding oesophageal varices.
2.Before abdominal radiopathy
3.Cardiac arrest
 Desmopressin is a man made form of a
hormone that occur naturally in the pituitary
gland .
 This hormone is important for many functions
including blood flow ,blood pressure,kidney
function,and regulating how the body uses
water.
 Desmopressin is used to treat bed-
wetting,central cranial diabetes insipidus.....
 Desmopressin works by limiting the amount of
water that is eliminated in the urine.
 It works at renal collecting duct by binding to
V2 receptors ,which signals for the
translocation of aquaporin channel via
cytosolic vesicles to the apical membrane of
the collecting duct
 The presence of these aquaporins channel in
the distal nephron causes increasing water
reabsorption from the urine ,which become
passively re-distributed from the nephron to
systemic circulation by way of basolateral
membrane channels.
•Contraindications:
Desmopressin is contraindicated in patients with
moderate to severe renal impairment (defined as
a creatinine clearance below 50ml/min)
It is also contraindicated in patients with
hyponatremia or a history of hyponatremia.

•Drug interactions:
Although the pressor activity of desmopressin
acetate is very low compared to its antidiuretic
activity ,large doses of desmopressin acetate
tablets should be used with other pressor agents
only with careful patient monitoring
Adverse effects:
Dementia
Weight gain
Increased thirst
Headache
Dizziness
Confusion
Irregular heart beat
Convulsion

Uses:
oFor controlling excessive urination at night .
it is also used to treat central diabetes
insipidus.