STUDI KASUS II

REAKTOR CSTR
ISOTERMAL
Annisa Hasna Ananto (1606839025)
Anton Prayoga (1606905292)
Didit Ardi Maulana (1606822213)
Huriya (1606905336)
Miranda Meidistira (1606889585)
CASE
Two configuration of CSTRs are
contemplated for performing reversible
hydrolysis of compound A to produce
compound B and C. The forward reaction is
pseudo-first-order with respect to A, with rate
constant 𝒌𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒔−𝟏 . The reverse
reaction is second-order with rate constant
𝒌−𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑴−𝟏 𝒔−𝟏 .
𝑨 → 𝑩 + 𝑪; 𝒓𝟏 = 𝒌𝟏 [𝑨]
𝑩 + 𝑪 → 𝑨; 𝒓𝟐 = 𝒌−𝟏 𝑩 [𝑪]
The feed is dilute aqueous solution of A
(concentration 0.25 mol/L at a rate of 0.25
L/h)
2
CASE
Consider the following configurations:
◦ A single 15 L CSTR
◦ Three 5 L CSTR in series, with 75% of product species B & C
selectively removed between stages 1 and 2 and between
stages 2 and 3, with appropriate adjustment in flow rate; the
volumetric flow rates in the two streams leaving a separator
are proportional to the total number of moles of A, B, and C
in each stream.
Determine the steady-state production of compound B in mol/h
for options (a) and (b)

CAo CA1 CAo CA2 CAo CA3

Se1 2
Se2 3
qo CB1 q2 CB2 q3 CB3

FB3
1 2 3 E

FB1 FB2
E E FB
3
 Neraca Mol

𝑑𝑁𝐴
𝐹𝐴0 − 𝐹𝐴 + 𝑟𝐴 𝑉 = =0
𝑑𝑡

𝐹𝐴0 𝑋
𝑉=
−𝑟𝐴

4
 Laju Reaksi Total Stoikiometri

−𝑟1 = 𝑘1 𝐴 𝐶𝐴 = 𝐶𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋)
−𝑟2 = 𝑘−1 [𝐵][𝐶] 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐶𝐵0 + 𝐶𝐴0 𝑋
−𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘1 𝐴 − 𝑘−1 [𝐵][𝐶] 𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝐶0 + 𝐶𝐴0 𝑋
𝑟𝐵 = −𝑟𝐴
𝑟𝐶 = −𝑟𝐴

5
 Case 1

Data:
𝑘1 = 0.000182 𝑠 −1
𝑘−1 = 0.000449 𝑀−1 𝑠 −1
𝐹𝐴0 = 𝐶𝐴0 . 𝑞0
𝐶𝐴0 = 0.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝐹𝐴0 = 1.7361 × 10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝐶𝐵0 = 0 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝐶𝐶0 = 0 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝑞0 = 0.25𝐿/ℎ = 6.944 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠
 𝐹𝐴0 𝑋 𝐹𝐴0 𝑋
V= =
−𝑟𝐴 𝑘1 𝐶𝐴 − 𝑘−1 𝐶𝐵 𝐶𝐶

Subtituting the stoichiometric equation

𝐹𝐴0 𝑋 𝐹𝐴0 𝑋
𝑉= =
−𝑟𝐴 𝑘1 𝐶𝐴0 1 − 𝑋 − 𝑘−1 𝐶𝐵0 + 𝐶𝐴0 𝑋 𝐶𝐶0 + 𝐶𝐴0 𝑋

As 𝐶𝐵0 and 𝐶𝐶0 are both 0, then

𝐹𝐴0 𝑋 𝐹𝐴0 𝑋
𝑉= = 2 2
−𝑟𝐴 𝑘1 𝐶𝐴0 1 − 𝑋 − 𝑘−1 𝐶𝐴0 𝑋

7
 GRAFIK PERBANDINGAN KONVERSI VS
VOLUME
0.8

0.7

0.6
X (konversi)

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Volume

For a reactor volume of 15L, the conversion is found to be 𝑋 = 0.68936

At this conversion,
𝐹𝐴 = 5.39296 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝐹𝐵 = 𝐹𝐵0 + 𝐹𝐴0 𝑋

10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 10−2 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝐹𝐵 = 𝐹𝐶 = 1.19682 × = 4.3 𝑥
𝑠 ℎ 8
 GRAFIK PERBANDINGAN FA0/-RA VS
KONVERSI
50

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

-50
Fa0/-ra

-100

-150

-200
X (konversi)

9
 GRAFIK PERBANDINGAN KONVERSI VS
VOLUME
0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
X (konversi)

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Volume

10
2 CASE 2

11
CONDITIONS:

 Tersusun dari 3 unit reaktor CSTR secara seri

 Terdapat separator antara reactor 1 ke 2 dan 2 ke 3

 Komponen B dan C terpisahkan secara selektif pada

separator sebesar 75%

 Laju alir volume proporsional terhadap mol total dari

setiap aliran

12
“
𝐹𝐴2 = 0
𝑞1 𝐹𝐴1 + 𝐹𝐵1 + 𝐹𝐶1
=
𝐹𝐵2 = 0.75 × 𝐹𝐵0 𝑞2 𝐹𝐴2 + 𝐹𝐵2 + 𝐹𝐶2

𝐹𝐶2 = 0.75 × 𝐹𝐶0 𝑞0 = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2

13
 Stage 1 Reaction
Grafik Perbandingan Volume vs Konversi
0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

𝐹𝐴0 = 1.736 × 10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

𝐹𝐵0 = 𝐹𝐶0 = 0 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

Untuk volume reactor 5L, diperoleh konversi:

𝑋 = 0.671055
14
 Stage 1 Separation

Aliran ke reactor 2

Feed memasuki separator 𝐹𝐴𝑜2 = 5.7098 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

𝐹𝐵02 = 𝐹𝐶𝑜2 = 2.912 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

𝐹𝐴1 = 5.7098 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

𝑞2 = 2.315 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠
−5
𝐹𝐵1 = 𝐹𝐶1 = 1.165 × 10 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

Aliran B dan C yang terpisahkan

𝐹𝐴1𝐸 = 0 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝑞0 = 6.944 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠
𝐹𝐵1𝐸 = 𝐹𝐶1𝐸 = 8.738 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

𝑞2𝐸 = 4.629 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠

15
Case 2

Stage ke-2

𝐹𝐴𝑜2 = 5.7098 𝑥 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

𝐹𝐵𝑜2 = 𝐹𝐶𝑜2 = 2.912 𝑥 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝑞2 = 2.315 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠
𝐹𝐴𝑜2 5.7098 𝑥 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝐶𝐴𝑂2 = = = 0.2466 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝑞2 2.315 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠
𝐹𝐵𝑜2 2.912 𝑥 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝐶𝐵𝑂2 = 𝐶𝐵𝑂2 = = = 0.1258 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝑞2 2.315 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠

16
 Case 2

𝐹𝐴0 𝑋
𝑉(𝑋) =
−𝑟𝐴
5.7098 𝑥 10−6 𝑋
=
(0.000182)(0.2068) 1 − 𝑋 − 0.0004 0.1055 + 0.2068𝑋 0.1055 + 0.2068𝑋

Grafik Volume vs. Konversi hingga V = 6 L

0.45

0.4

0.35
Untuk V= 5 L, maka
0.3
konversi yang
0.25
didapatkan adalah
X = 0.4826
0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

Series1
17
Case 2

Separator 2 CA2 CAo3

Feed CB2
Se2
q3
−6
𝐹𝐴2 = 𝐹𝐴𝑜2 1 − 𝑋 = 2.954 × 10 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝐹𝐵2 = 𝐹𝐶2 = 5.668 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠 FB2E

𝑞2 = 2.315 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠

Stream masuk stage ke-3 Stream produk

𝐹𝐴𝑜3 = 2.954 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠 𝐹𝐴2𝐸 = 0 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝐹𝐵𝑜3 = 𝐹𝐶𝑜3 = 1.4172 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠 𝐹𝐵2𝐸 = 𝐹𝐶2𝐸 = 4.252 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝑞3 = 6.808 × 10−6 𝐿/𝑠 𝑞3𝐸 = 1.634 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠

18
3 REAKTOR CSTR KE-3

19
 Stream masuk ke CSTR Ke-3

◦ 𝐹𝐴𝑜3 = 2,955 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

◦ 𝐹𝐵𝑜3 = 𝐹𝐶30 = 1,4172 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
“ ◦ 𝑞3 = 6.808 × 10−6 𝐿/𝑠
◦ 𝑉 =5𝐿

20
PERSAMAAN V(X)

𝐹𝐴0 . 𝑋
𝑉(𝑋) =
𝑘1 𝐶𝐴0 1 − 𝑋 − 𝑘−1 𝐶𝐵0 + 𝐶𝐴0 𝑋 𝐶𝐶0 + 𝐶𝐴0 𝑋

(2.955 × 10−6 )𝑋
𝑉(𝑋) =
(1.82 × 10−4 )(0.263) 1 − 𝑋 − (4.49 × 10−4 ) 0.126 + 0.264𝑋 0.126 + 0.264𝑋

Dengan menggunalan goal seek di MS. Excel diperoleh konversi

untuk reaktor CSTR bervolume 5 L adalah, X = 0,4414

21
GRAFIK V(X) vs X
1.1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
-130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

22
GRAFIK V(X) vs X
sampai X = 0,442
0.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

23
RESULT
STAGE 1
𝐹𝐴1 = 0 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝐹𝐵1 = 𝐹𝐶1𝐸 = 8.738 × 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝑞1 = 4.629 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠
𝑋 = 0,671055

STAGE 2
𝐹𝐴2𝐸 = 0 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐹𝐵2𝐸 = 𝐹𝐶2𝐸 = 4.252 × 10−6
𝑠
−5
𝑞3𝐸 = 1.634 × 10 𝐿/𝑠
𝑋 = 0.4826

STAGE 3
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐹𝐴3 = 1.650 × 10−6
𝑠
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐹𝐵3 = 𝐹𝐶3 = 2.722 × 10−6
𝑠
𝑞3 = 0.6808 × 10−5 𝐿/𝑠
𝑋 = 0,4414
24
TOTAL

𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐹𝐴 = 1.650 × 10−6
𝑠

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐹𝐵 = 𝐹𝐶 = 1.571 × 10−5 = 5.655 𝑥 10−2
𝑠 ℎ
𝐿
𝑞4 = 𝑞2𝐸 + 𝑞3𝐸 + 𝑞3 = 6.944 × 10−5
𝑠
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶𝐴 = 2.376 × 10−2
𝐿
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶𝐵 = 𝐶𝐶 = 2.262 × 10−2
𝐿
𝑋𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.90496

25
KESIMPULAN
◦ Untuk total volume yang sama, reactor yang disusun seri
menghasilkan konversi yang lebih besar dibanding satu CSTR
◦ Setiap reaktor CSTR 5 L pada kasus ini memiliki konversi kurang dari
0,5
◦ Mengambil produk pada reaksi bolak-balik dapat menggeser
kesetimbangan ke kanan, sehingga dapat meningkatkan konversi
◦ Penambahan separator pada inter-stage rangkaian seri reaktor
CSTR dapat meningkatkan konversi, namun faktor biaya perlu di
analisis dan dipertimbangkan

26
Referensi

◦ H. S. Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering,

4th ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 2006.
◦ Slamet and Widodo W. Purwanto. Teknik Reaksi Kimia.
Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 2018.

27