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• Bronchitis is a respiratory disease in which the mucus membrane
in the lungs' bronchial passages becomes inflamed.

• As the irritated membrane swells and grows thicker, it narrows

or shuts off the tiny airways in the lungs, resulting in coughing
spells that may be accompanied by phlegm and breathlessness.
• Bronchitis can be caused by either a virus or bacteria, although
viral bronchitis is much more common.
• In most cases, bronchitis is caused by the same viruses that cause
the common cold or flu. The virus is contained in the millions of
tiny droplets that come out of the nose and mouth when
someone coughs or sneezes.
• These droplets typically spread about 1m (3ft). They hang
suspended in the air for a while, then land on surfaces where
the virus can survive for up to 24 hours. Anyone who touches
these surfaces can spread the virus further by touching
something else.
• Read more about how cold and flu germs spread.
• acute bronchitis – temporary inflammation of the airways,
causing a cough and mucus production, lasting up to three
weeks; acute bronchitis can affect people of all ages but mostly
affects children under the age of five; it's more common in
winter and often develops following a common cold, sore throat
or flu
• chronic bronchitis – a daily productive cough that lasts for three
months of the year and for at least two years in a row; chronic
bronchitis is one of a number of lung conditions, including
emphysema, that are collectively known as chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD); it mostly affects adults over 40
 Inflammation of the central airways is a prominent feature in
subjects with chronic bronchitis. The pathology of chronic bronchitis
includes an inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrate in the airway
wall and a neutrophil influx into the airway lumen. The molecular
events that produce the inflammation and its pathogenetic role in
causing mucus hypersecretion are beginning to be elucidated. The
inflammatory cell recruitment to the airways likely involves
chemotactic agents derived not only from tissue fluid and invading
microbes but also generated by the diseased bronchial epithelium.
The main symptom of acute bronchitis is a hacking cough, which
may bring up clear, yellow-grey or greenish mucus (phlegm).
Other symptoms are similar to those of the common cold or
sinusitis, and may include:
• sore throat
• headache
• runny or blocked nose
• aches and pains
• tiredness
 In some cases, the symptoms of bronchitis can last much longer. If
symptoms last for at least three months, it's known as "chronic bronchitis".
There's no cure for chronic bronchitis, but some lifestyle changes can
help ease your symptoms, such as:
• eating a healthy diet can help prevent lung infections
• regular moderate exercise plus a healthy diet will help you to
maintain a healthy weight – being overweight makes breathing
harder
• avoiding smoking and smoky environments
• There are several medications to relieve symptoms. Bronchodilators
and steroids "open up" the airways and can be prescribed as an
inhaler or as tablets. Mucolytic medicines thin the mucus in the lungs
making it easier to cough up.
 Although you cannot always prevent acute bronchitis or
chronic bronchitis there are several measures that can be taken to
reduce your risk of both conditions:
• Do not start smoking;
• Avoid lung irritants, such as smoke, dust, vapors and air
pollution.
• Wash your hands often
• Get a yearly flu vaccine
• Get a pneumonia vaccine.
Any Question???
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