Starting of 3 phase induction

motors
Methods of starting squirrel cage induction
motors
• Direct online starting
• Stator resistance starting
• Auto transformer starting
• Star delta starting
Direct on line
starting
• The motor is started by directly
connecting to 3 –phase supply
• The starting current of the
motor will be very high (4 to
10 times the full load current.
• This method is suitable for
small machines (up to 7.5 Kw)
Relation between starting and full load torques
2∗𝜋∗𝑁
Rotor input = =kT
60
Rotor Cu loss=s*Rotor input
We can derive that

𝑇𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝑠𝑐
= ( )2 ∗ 𝑠𝑓
𝑇𝑓 𝐼𝑓

Tst= starting torque

Isc =starting current or short circuit( blocked rotor current)
If= Full load current
Tf =Full load torque
sf= full load slip
 Stator resistance
starting

• Here external resistances

are connected in series with
each phase of the stator
winding during starting.
• This causes voltage drop
across the resistances
• This reduces the voltage
available across the
terminals of the motor
Relation between starting and full load torques
• If V is the rated voltage, and voltage is reduced by a fraction ‘x’. The
voltage applied to the motor per phase is X*V
• Ist=x *Isc
𝑇𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝑠𝑡 2
• = ( ) ∗ 𝑠𝑓
𝑇𝑓 𝐼𝑓
𝑇𝑠𝑡 2 𝐼𝑠𝑐 2
• = 𝑥 ( ) ∗ 𝑠𝑓
𝑇𝑓 𝐼𝑓
 Auto transformer
starting

• This is also a reduced

voltage starting method
• The tapping of the auto
transformer is set that when
it is in the circuit, 65% to
80% of the line voltage is
applied to the motor
• When the motor reaches
80% of the rated speed, the
change over is switched to
‘run’ position.
Relation between starting and full load torques
• If the tapping of transformation ratio K is used, the voltage applied is
KV/ 3
• The starting current will be Ist=KIsc
• We know that
𝑇𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝑠𝑡 2 𝐾𝐼𝑠𝑐 2
= ( ) ∗ 𝑠𝑓 = ( 𝐼 ) ∗ 𝑠𝑓
𝑇𝑓 𝐼𝑓 𝑓

𝑇𝑠𝑡 2 𝐼𝑠𝑐 2
= 𝐾( ) * 𝑠𝑓
𝑇𝑓 𝐼𝑓
• The current taken by the auto transformer from the supply is
I1=K*I2=K2*Isc
 Star Delta starting

• This is also a reduced

voltage operation
• The motor winding is
connected in star during
starting
• When the motor reaches
80% of the rated speed, it is
changed over to delta
• When in star, each winding
of the motor gets V/ 3
volts.
Relationship between starting and full load
torques
• In delta starting ,starting current /phase Isc=V/Zsc
• The starting line current = 3*Isc
𝑉
3 1
• In star starting, starting current /phase= = 𝐼
𝑧𝑠𝑐 3 𝑠𝑐
𝑇𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝑠𝑡 2 𝐼𝑠𝑐 2
• Now, = ( ) ∗ 𝑠𝑓 = ( ) ∗ 𝑠𝑓
𝑇𝑓 𝐼𝑓 3𝐼𝑓
𝑇𝑠𝑡 1 𝐼𝑠𝑐 2
• Or = ( ) ∗ 𝑠𝑓
𝑇𝑓 3 𝐼𝑓
• Isc is the starting phase current(delta)
• If= Full load phase current (delta)
 • Slip ring motors are mostly started by rotor resistance starting
• Here, a variable star connected rheostat is connected to the
rotor circuit through slip rings
• At starting, maximum resistance is adjusted so that starting
current is reduced and starting torque is increased
Starting • After, the motor reaches 80% speed, the rheostat is cut out

of slip
ring
motors