CIVIL

ENGINEERING
 BLOCK MASONRY

• TYPES OF BLOCK MASONRY

• CAVITY WALL
• REINFORCED BRICK MASONRY
TYPES OF BLOCK MASONRY
• HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK
• GLASS BLOCKS
• SOLID BLOCKS
•CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE
BLOCK
HOLLOW /CONCRETE BLOCKS
• Hollow units may be defined as those units which have
core void area greater than 25% of their total area.
• concrete block require low maintenance and provide
insulation of sounds and fire resistant
• The hollow concrete block require less cement mortar
• Standard size hollow concrete block – 39 cm * 19 cm *
30 cm
• Hollow concrete block have high dimensional accuracy
and high load bearing capacity
 ADVANTAGES OF HOLLOW
CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY
• Rapid Execution of Work
• Hollow concrete block are of uniform and regular size and it has less weight. This
facilitates rapid execution of work.
• Increase in Floor Area
• It is possible to construct thin walls using hollow blocks. Therefore it helps to save space
and increase floor area.
• Reduces Construction Cost
• Use of larger size concrete block reduces number of joints in work and hence helps in
saving mortar.
• Better Insulation Properties
• Hollow concrete block have good insulating properties against sound, heat and
dampness.
• More Durable
• Hollow concrete block masonry can safely withstand the atmospheric action and it
 GLASS BLOCK
• Glass block is also called glass
brick
• Glass block provide visual and
citation whlie admitting light
• Glass block can be used for
wall and floor
Advantages of glass block
• Glass Blocks Are Very Secure
It is very difficult to break glass blocks.
• Glass Blocks Are Energy Efficient
10 times more energy efficient than basement or bathroom windows.
• Glass Block Windows Are Cost Effective
Installed cost is usually the same or less than other window replacement
options. Air vents & dryer vents can be added at an additional cost.
• Glass Block Windows Are Maintenance Free
There is no need to caulk these windows after they are installed.
• Glass Block Windows Add More Light
In many cases the old frame is removed which allows more light through
the glass block window than your old window.
• Glass Block Windows Add More Privacy
Glass block is often used to increase privacy of window openings while not
sacrificing light transmission.
 CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE
BLOCK

• These block is made up from mixture of lime sand , ground

sand ,water under steam

• Fly ash cellular block is considered as eco friendly

• These type of block is especially suitable in india for low rise

load bearing structure
Advantage of Cellular light weight concrete block

• These block are light weight

• These block has good fire
resistance
• It's has good thermal insulation
• The block have no freezing point
• There are sounds proof block
 SOILD BLOCK
• The specifications and the
characteristics of solid depend upon
the machin used to manufacturer

• The most common size of block is

300×200×150

• The weight of wood concrete block is

78-79kg
Advantage of solid block
• It's cost is more effective

• It's has high quality, high strength and

uniform size

• It is energy efficient hence it doesn't

require any non-renewabe resources
CAVITY WALL
• Cavity walls consist of two "skins" separated by
a hollow space (cavity).
• The skins are commonly masonry, such as brick
or concrete block.
• Masonry is adsorbent material, and therefore
will slowly draw rainwater or even humidity into
the wall, as well as from the inside of the house
as from outside. The cavity serves as a way to
drain water back out through weep holes the
base of the wall system or above windows
ADVANTAGES OF CAVITY WALL
• The moisture cannot enter from outer wall to
inner wall , since there is no direct contact.
• Provide good insulation against sound.
• Protection against efflorescence.
• Provides economical during construction.
• Load on foundation is reduced.
Construction
• The two leaves of a cavity wall may be of equal thickness if it
is non load bearing wall or internal leaf may be thicker than
external leaf, to meet structural requirements.
• The inner and outer skin of wall is adequately tied together
by means of special wall ties at the rate of atleast five ties
per square metre of wall.
• The cavity should neither be less than 40mm nor more than
100mm in width.
• To prevent moisture from entering it is essential to provide a
vertical damp proof coarse at window and door reveals.
 POSITION OF CAVITY WALL AT FOUNDATION

• The cavity extends right upto

the base of the footing, with
damp proof course introduced
just below the floor level.
• If the brick work below G.L. is
not carefully constructed,water
will enter through joints, collect
in cavity causing dampness in
the flooring.
 POSITION OF CAVITY WALL AT OPENING
LEVEL
• The damp proof course is
provided below the sill so
as to prevent entry of
water into cavity, provided
in between top of linteland
bottom of cavity.
• This covering of D.P.C
should be extended for.
75mm -150mm.
 POSITION OF CAVITY WALL AT ROOF LEVEL
• In flat roofs, cavity can be
extended upto the bottom
of coping of parapet wall
or up to a level just above
the flat roof.
• Necessary to provide
D.P.C.. Between bottom of
coping and top of cavity.
REINFORCED BRICK MASONRY

Brick Masonry in which

steel reinforcement is
placed is called as
reinforced brick
masonry.
Applications:
• WALLS
• PILLARS
• COLUMNS
• SLABS
• LINTELS
• RETAINING WALLS (up to 6m height)
ADVANTAGES
• It resist the tensile as well as shear stresses.
• Imparts better resistance to earthquake forces.
• Does not require shuttering or concrete.
• Fireproof
• Easy to construct.
• Cheap and economical specially when loads are
not unduely high.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
• Steel fabric in form of expanded steel mesh called as XPM sheets.
• Mild steel (M.S) round bars of suitable diameters.
• Hoop iron in form of M.S flat having 25 mm to 30 mm width and 1.5
to 3mm in thickness.
• Hoop iron are dipped in tar and sanded to avoid corrosion.
• Mortars should have minimum compressive strength of 5Mpa , in
case of reinforced should have 10MPA.
 Perforated clay
Hollow clay brick brick
Cellular clay
brick

Solid clay brick Hollow concrete block Cellular concrete

block
CONSTRUCTION
• Cement mortar of appropriate proportion 1:6 is
spread over brick course.
• Hoop iron or steel fabric (XPM) is laid on mortar and
pressed in mortar.
• Steel fabric is placed at every 3th or 4th course brick.
• Bricks are moulded for providing the vertical
reinforcing bars in hole.
• Diameter of vertical reinforcement is 6mm to 8mm .