Department of Mechanical Engineering

Sangamner
PRESENTED BY - SANGESH K. SURYAWANSHI

GUIDED BY - PROF.- O. U. RAKTATE

INTRODUCTION
 UAS is referred to as a system whose component
include the air vehicles and associated
equipments.

• UAS is suited for situations that are too dangerous

and hazardous where direct monitoring is not
possible.

 UAS context include the command, control and

communication system.
TYPES
 Fixed wing Systems

 Multi-rotor Systems

 Other Types
1) Hybrid Systems
2) Ornithopters
Fixed wing Systems
 Fixed wing is term mainly used in the aviation
industry to define aircraft that use fixed, static wings
in combination with forward airspeed to generate lift

 Even a simple airplane can be defined as fixed wing

system.

 Examples – Traditional airplanes , Kites and

paragliders
Multi-rotor System
 Multi-rotor systems can be defined as aircraft that
uses rotary wings to generate lift.

 Rotorcraft can have one or multiple rotors.

 Commonly , these drones use at least four rotors to

keep them flying

 These systems can hover in the air.

Other Types
 Hybrid systems are systems that have characteristics
of both multi-rotor and fixed wing systems

 These again have two types.

 1) Hybrid Systems
 2)ornithopters
Technical Characteristics
 Level of autonomy

 Size and Weight

 Differences in Energy Source

Level of Autonomy
 An important distinction within the concept of
autonomy is the difference between automatic and
autonomous systems.
 An automatic system is a fully programmed system
that can perform a programmed assignment on its
own.
 Whereas an autonomous system can deal with
unexpected situation by using a preprogrammed rule
set to help them make choices.
Size and Weight
 In this category UAS systems are classified as light
weight and heavy weight systems.

 Light weight systems weigh less than 150 Kg.

 Heavy weight systems weigh above 150 Kg.

Differences in Energy Sources
 There are four types of energy sources

 1) Traditional airplane fuel

 2) Battery cell

 3) Fuel cell

 4) Solar cell
Types of Payloads and Their Applications
 Sensors
 Sensors are the important type of payload any UAS
can carry.
 Following are the various kinds of sensors a UAS may
carry
 1) Camera
 2) Biological Sensors
 3) Chemical Sensors
 4) Meteorological Sensors
Other Payloads
 Apart from the sensors described above all kinds of
other payloads can be attached to UAS.
 Most payloads that are not sensors involves cargo that
needs to be delivered, they are as follows.
 1) Mails like letters and parcels
 2) Medicines
 3) Weapons
 4) Ads and Wi-Fi hotspot routers
Future Developments
 There are three major developments in UAS
technology.
 They can be given as

 1) Miniaturization

 2) Autonomy

 3) Swarms
Miniaturization
 Miniaturization includes minimizing the size of UAS

 In this , lighter materials are to be developed to reduce

the weight of the UAS

 All Possible changes in the airframe can be searched

to make UAS more compact.
Autonomy of UAS
 Autonomy of UAS includes up gradation of software
that is being used for a typical UAS.

 Making it more smart by doing improvements in

artificial intelligence.

 Applying new firewall systems than cannot be hacked

by external agencies.
Swarms
 Swarms can be referred as group of UAS which can
be sent to perform a particular task and which have
interlinked cooperation between them.
 Such systems can be useful where there are risks of
damaging a UAS. IN such conditions one UAS can
take over a task from other UAS which becomes non-
operational
 It can be used as sensor network.
Challenges
 High Cost
Reliable UAS remain relatively expensive

• Technical Challenges
There are various technical challenges such as
structures and aerodynamics, propulsion units, control
systems, navigation systems etc.
Applications
 Agriculture
 Wildlife Management
 Infrastructure Monitoring
 Security
 Forest Protection
 Fisheries Protection
 Disaster Management
 Remote Sensing and Mapping
THANK YOU...