TECHNIQUE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

 TECHNIQUE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ON CNC MACHINE

PREPARED BY:

BODHABINDU DAS (06)

DEBJIT DAS (25)
TRIDEEP MANNA (38)
TANMAY MALIK (40)
 Content

Introduction
Meaning of CNC Machines
History
Why Use CNC Machines
Use of Typical CNC Machines
Parts of CNC Machines
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

In Industry it is not efficient or profitable to make

everyday products by hand.
On a CNC machine it is possible to make hundreds or
even thousands of the same items in a day.
First a design is drawn using design software, and then
it is processed by the computer and manufactured using
the CNC machine.
This is a small CNC machine and can be used to
machine woods, plastics and aluminum. In industry, CNC
machines can be extremely large.
 MEANING OF ‘CNC’

 CNC means Computer Numerical Control. This

means a computer converts the design into
numbers which the computer uses to control the
cutting and shaping of the material.
 History of CNC

1949:US Air Force asks MIT to develop a

"numerically controlled" machine.
1952:Prototype NC machine demonstrated
(punched tape input).
1980:CNC machines (computer used to link
directly to controller)
1990:DNC: external computer “drip feeds”
control programmer to machine tool controller
 Why Use CNC Machines?

Increase production throughput

 Improve the quality and accuracy of
manufactured parts
 Stabilize manufacturing costs
 Manufacture complex or otherwise
impossible jobs -2D and 3D contours
 USE OF TYPICAL CNC MACHINE

The design is loaded into the computer which is

attached to the CNC machine.
The computer changes the design into a special
code (numerical) that controls the way the CNC
cuts and shapes the material.
PARTS OF CNC MACHINE
 Types and Applications of CNC Machine

5-axis – CNC machining is done along three

perpendicular axes and two rotary axes
6-axis – CNC machining is done along three
perpendicular axes and three rotary axes
Lathes – for production of 3D shapes/moulds;
automatically programmed tool changes
Routers – used for cutting complex/intricate shapes
and prototypes from metal sheets
Milling – most widely used CNC machines;
predominantly for drilling and turning metals
Plasma Cutters – utilized for cutting 2D shapes and
moulds; need less power than routers
Laser Cutters – operate similar to plasma cutters, using
a laser instead of a plasma torch
 5 AXIS CNC M/C CNC MILLING M/C

CNC PLASMA ARC M/C

CNC WELDING M/C CNC LASERBEAM M/C

 Advantages of CNC Machine

CNC machines can be used continuously 24×7

throughout the year and only need to be switched off for
occasional maintenance.
Less skilled/trained people can operate CNC machines
unlike manual lathes / milling machines etc. which need
skilled engineers.
CNC machines can be updated by improving the
software used to drive the machines
 Disadvantages OF CNC Machine

CNC machines are more expensive than

manually operated machines, although costs are
slowly coming down.
The CNC machine operator only needs basic
training and skills, enough to supervise several
machines. In years gone by, engineers needed
years of training to operate centre lathes, milling
machines and other manually operated machines.
This means many of the old skills are being lost.
High installation cost.
 conclusion

CNC is a very popular method of creating parts.

These machines offer extreme precision at a fast rate.
CNC machines are very complex and being able to
efficiently operate one takes much time and practice.
Although most of the codes are similar, CNC machines
are different from model to model. CNC milling is not
easy at first but mastery of it allows you to create a
plethora of usable parts in a very short time frame.