Chapter 7

Spectral Analysis
Radithya Arif P (22318009)
A Farhan Farabi (22318010)
Outline

• Introduction
• Gilgai Transect
• Power Spectra
• Spectral Analysis of the Caragabal Transect
7.1 Introduction
• Data geofisika pada umumnya merupakan data hasil rekaman dengan
sampling tertentu dalam waktu maupun spasial
• Dari data tersebut sering terdapat pola-pola yang bersifat periodik
• Periodisitas dari data akan lebih baik jika dianalisa berdasarkan
frekuensi
7.2 Gilgai Transect
7.2 Gilgai Transect
7.3 Power Spectra μ=rata-rata
f= frekuensi

Reversible
7.3.1 Estimating the spectrum

(7.4) (7.5)

𝑧=
ҧ Rata-rata dari data
N= Jumlah data
k= lag
L= lag maksimum
7.3.1 Estimating the spectrum

Rectangular Window
7.3.1 Estimating the spectrum

Barlett Window
7.3.1 Estimating the spectrum

Parzen Window
7.3.1 Estimating the spectrum
7.3.1 Estimating the spectrum
7.3.2 Smoothing Characteristics of Windows
Window Smoothing
∞

𝐼 = න 𝑤 2 (𝑘)𝑑𝑘.
−∞

Barlett’s Window Parzen Window

L  3 2
k 
2 3
2 k  k  
L
 k I Parzen   1  6    6    2 1    dk
I Barlett ' s   1   dk 
L  L L  L  
L 
L
L
2 I Parzen 
I Barlett ' s  L 1.86
3

Note
L = Maximum Lag
K = lag
7.3.2 Smoothing Characteristics of Windows
Ratio Variansi of the Smoothed Estimate

var  R ( f )  1

I
2
  w (k )dk 
2

R (f) L  L
Barlett’s Window Parzen Window
L 2L L L L L
  0.667   0.538
N 3N N N 1.86 N N

Note
L = Maximum Lag
K = lag
7.3.2 Smoothing Characteristics of Windows
Bandwidth
Frequency difference between high and low

R2 ( f ) 1 R2 ( f )
var  R ( f )   
N m Nb
2 2 
R (f)1 R (f)
var  R ( f )    
2
w (k )dk
N b N 
disimpulkan Rectangular Window 0.5
L
1 Barlett Window 1.5
b L
I Parzen Window 1.86
L

Note
b = Bandwidth
N = Length of the Series
7.3.3 Confidence
Degree of Freedom
Derajat independensi untuk menyatakan posisi suatu system
2N 2N  2 vRˆ ( f ) 
v 
 Pr ob  X v ,a /2   X v ,1 a /2   1  
2
I


w2 (k )dk  R( f ) 

Lower Limit
Confidence Level
Upper Limit
vRˆ ( f ) vRˆ ( f )
2 1  21 
xv  1    xv   
 2  2 

Note
1-a = level confidence dalam persen
N = Length of the Series
7.4 Caragabal
Soil at Caragabal, Australia

Contoh N = 365
Pada lag 10 Parzen

vParzen  3.71
N
Rp (0.15)  0.2286 Clower 
135.4
x0.2286  0.189
L
365
163.6
vParzen  3.71 Estimate Frequency 135.4
10 Cupper  x0.2286  0.282
x 2upper  109.5
109.5
x 2lower  163.6 Note
Asumsi Confident Level 90%
7.4 Caragabal

v
log R ( f )  log
 1 
x 1   
2
v
 2 
v
log R ( f )  log
21 
xv   
2 
TERIMA KASIH