Prepared by: Prof. Keno Jay M. Balogbog, MBM Agricultural Extension 2 Course Title: “Agricultural Development Program and Policies” Course Description: This course deals with the concepts, principles, role and impact of agrarian reform programs; the goals, components, activities and programs of the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA); The Philippine Cooperative Code of 2008 on the principles, organization, structure and management of cooperatives; and other relevant policies and programs for agricultural development. Agricultural Extension 2 Course Requirements: 1. Attendance – 25% 2. Quizzes – 20% 3. Reaction Paper – 20% 4. Exams – 35% Part 1: AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM Land- is one of the factors of production.
Land reform law was first implemented by former
President Diosdado Macapagal in 1963 through R.A. No. 6389 and R.A. No.639.
During the time of former President Corazon C. Aquino,
she signed R.A. No. 6657 otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). Agrarian Reform in The Philippines The 1987 Philippines Constitution, Article II, Sec. 21 says that “The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform”. The present agrarian reform law implemented nationwide is the Republic Act No. 6657 otherwise known as The comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law , signed into law by the former President Corazon C. Aquino and implemented the government program known as Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program. Precolonial Times Before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, land was practically owned by the community known as barangay ruled by a chief or datu. Land cultivation was done commonly by slash-and-burn (kaingin) method. President Manuel A. Roxas
Significant legislations enacted are the ff.
1.Republic Act. No. 34- It established the 70-30
sharing arrangement and regulated share- tenancy contracts. The 70% of the harvest will go to the person who shouldered the expenses for planting, harvesting, and for the work animals. 2. Republic Act No. 55- It provided for a more effective safeguard against arbitrary ejectment of tenants.
Ejectment – an action for the recovery of
possession of real property and damages and costs. President Elpidio R. Quirino He enacted Executive Order No.335 on October 23, 1950. It preplaced the National Land Settlement Administration with Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which took over the responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn production Administration. The LASEDECO was establish to accelerate and expand the peasant resettlement program of the government. President Ramon Magsaysay He enacted the ff. laws:
1.Republic act no.1160 (1954)- Free
distribution, resettlement, and rehabilitation of agricultural lands, an act abolishing the LASADECO and establishing the National settlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to resettle dissidents and landless farmers. 2.Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act o 1954). It governed the relationship between landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share tenancy and leasehold system. The law helped protect the tenurial rights of tenant tillers and enforced fair tenancy practices. 3.Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act o 1955 or known as land to the landless Program). It created the land Tenure Administration (LTA) which was responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations. 4.Republic Act no.821 (Creation of agriculture credit cooperative financing administration). Provided mall farmers and share tenants loans with low interest rates o six to eight percent.
5.Republic Act. No. 1266 (1955)- it
expropriated hacienda Del Rosario, situated at Valdefuente, Cabanatuan city. President Carlos A. Garcia President Garcia continued to implement the land reform program of president Magsaysay. President Diosdado P. Macapagal He enacted Republic Act No. 3844 on august 8, 1963 (agricultural land reform code). This was considered to be the most comprehensive piece of agrarian reform legislation ever enacted in the country. President Ferdinand E. Marcos He enacted the ff. laws:
1.President Decree No. 2, Septembe26, 1972-
It declared the country under land reform program. It enjoined all agencies and offices of the government to extend full cooperation and assistance to the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR). It also activated the Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council. 2. Presidential decree No. 27, October 21, 1972- It restricted land reform scope to tenanted rice and corn lands and set the retention limit at 7 hectares. President Corazon C. Aquino Legislation and issuances passed are the ff.:
1.Executive Order No. 228, July 16, 1987- this
declared full ownership to qualified farmer beneficiaries covered by PD 27.
2.Executive Order No. 229, July 2, 1987- It
provided mechanism for the implementation of CARP. 3.Executive Order No. 129-A, July 26, 1987- It reorganized the DAR, and streamedlined and expanded the power and operations of the said department.
4.Proclamation 131- It instituted CARP as a
major program of the government. It provided for a special fund known as the AGRARIAN REFORM FUND (ARF) in the amount of 50 billion pesos to cover estimated cost of the program for the period 1987-1997. 5. Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988 9Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law)- this is an instituting a comprehensive agrarian reform program to promote social justice and industrialization providing the mechanism for its implementation and for other purposes. 6. Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990- it vested in the Land Bank of the Philippines the responsibility to determine land valuation and compensation for all land covered by CARP in order for DAR to concentrate its effort on the identification of landholdings and beneficiaries, the distribution of acquired lands and the other subcomponents of the program. 7. Executive Order No. 407, June 14, 1990- It accelerated the acquisition and distribution of agricultural lands, pasture lands, fishponds, agroforestry lands, and other lands of public domain suitable for agriculture. President Fidel V. Ramos Key accomplishment of President Ramos include:
1.Republic Act No. 7881, 1995- It amended
certain of R.A. 6657 and exempted fishponds and prawns from the coverage of CARP.
2.Republic Act No. 7905, 1995- it strengthened
the implementation of the CARP. 3. Executive Order No. 363, 1997- It limited the type of lands that may be converted by setting conditions under which specific categories of agricultural land are either absolutely non-negotiable for conversion or highly restricted for conversion.
4.Republic Act No. 8435, 1997 (Agriculture
and Modernization Act or AFMA)- It plugged the legal loopholes in land use conversion. 5. Republic Act No. 8532, 1998 (Agrarian Reform und Bill)- it provided an additional PhP.50 billion for CARP and extended its implementation for another 10 years. President Joseph E. Estrada He initiated the enactment of Executive Order No. 151 in September 1999 (Farmer’s Trust Fund) which allowed the voluntary consolidation of small farm operation into medium and large scale integrated enterprise that can access long-term capital.
He also launched the Magkabalikat sa
Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA. President Gloria M. Arroyo She adopted the Bayan-Anihan concept which implies the unity of people working together for the successful implementation of agrarian reform. Under Arroyo’s administration, the strategy of DAR in CARP implementation is manifested on the Kapit-Bisig sa Kahirapan Agrarian Reform Zones (KARZONEs) which is a partnership and covergence strategy aimed at achieving asset reform , poverty reduction, food sufficiency, farm productivity, good governance, social equity, and empowerment of agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs).
