Undergraduate Thesis

Reconfiguration of Radial Passive Distribution

Network with Kruskal Algorithm for Power Loss
Minimization and Voltage Profile Regulation
Based on GIS (Geographic Information System)

Panggah Prabawa
07111440000172

Advisors

Prof. Ir. Ontonseno Penangsang, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Dr. Ir. Ni Ketut Aryani, MT.
 1 INTRODUCTION

2 BASIC THEORY

SCOPES 3 METHODOLOGY

4 SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS

5 CONCLUSION
 BACKGROUND

TRANSMISSION
GENERATION

PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION

LOSSES
P
LOSSES
Q
LOAD
V
SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION
GENERATION
SOLUTION
Reconfiguration of Radial Distribution System
Kruskal and GIS
1 Obtaining switch states

Proposing switch on the

opened lines 2

3
Minimum loss and better
voltage profile

Obtaining the new network

topology 4
Locating the existing switch
5 configuration in GIS
 Problem Limitation

1 Objective function : active power loss and voltage profile

2 Passive, steady state radial distribution system with switches

3 Newton-Raphson and Kruskal algoritm

4 Software used : Matlab and Smallworld from PLN

5 System reliability is neglected

6 Applied on IEEE 33 bus, also Kaliasin, Tegalsari, Tunjungan Plaza

7 It is just a proposal, not applied online

 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Sectionalizing
Primary
• Located in a feeder
• 4 kV ~ 35 kV • Normally Closed
Distribusi • Large customers • To protect the loads from faults
• Main substation to
Distribution subs.
Tie Switch
Secondary
• Located between two feeders
• Normally Open
• 220/380 V • For transferring loads to other
• Small customers feeders
 LOSS AND VOLTAGE PROFILE
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑗 = 𝑆𝑖𝑗 + 𝑆𝑗𝑖
𝑖 𝑗 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑗 = 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙(𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑗 ൯
𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋
𝑉𝑖 = 𝑉𝑗 + ∆𝑉 = 𝑉𝑖 + 𝑍 𝐼𝑖𝑗

Load Load
Constraint:
𝐸
𝐼𝑖𝑗 = 𝐼𝑖 = 𝑍𝑖𝑗 (𝑉𝑖 − 𝑉𝑗 ൯ 𝑃𝑛2 + 𝑄𝑛2
𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ෍ 𝑅𝑛
𝐼𝑗𝑖 = −𝐼𝑖𝑗 = 𝐼𝑗 = 𝑍𝑖𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑉𝑖 ൯ 𝑉𝑛2
𝑛=1
∗
𝑆𝑖𝑗 = 𝑉𝑖 ∗ 𝐼𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 < 𝑉 < 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑆𝑗𝑖 = 𝑉𝑗 ∗ 𝐼𝑗𝑖∗ 𝜙=0
KRUSKAL ALGORITHM
v1

e2 e1

v3 e3 v2

e5 e4

v4

𝑉 = 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , …
𝐸 = 𝑒1 , 𝑒2 , …
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

GIS in power system is used to store

databases such as:
• Line data
• Load data
• Data of electrical component
(Transformers, breakers, poles, etc)

All of the data are acquired from SCADA

(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
METHODOLOGY
WEIGHTING

𝑘 𝑚
𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋

Load Load

1 1
𝑊= =
𝑃𝑒 2 1 − 𝑉𝑘 𝑉𝑚∗ 𝑌𝑘∗
ℜ 𝑉𝑘 +
𝑅 − 𝑗𝑋 2
EXAMPLE OF KRUSKAL ALGORITHM

7 8

6
5 7
9
15
6 8

9
11
Initial weight: 91
Final weight: 40
SIMULATION OF IEEE 33 BUS

From To
7 8
10 11
14 15
28 29
18 33
 LOSSES OF IEEE 33 BUS

202.6771
60,2478 kW
(29,726 %)
Losses (kW)

142.4293

Before reconfiguration After reconfiguration

 VOLTAGE PROFILE OF IEEE 33 BUS

1.02

1.00

0.98
Voltage (p.u)

0.96

0.94

0.92 0,93779
0.90 0,91309
0.88

0.86
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33
Nomor Bus
- Before reconfiguration - After reconfiguration
SURABAYA DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
SIMULATION OF SURABAYA SYSTEM

Case 1 Case 2
 RESULT OF THE OPENED LINES

From To
Configuration Location
Bus Bus
21 22 Open Jl. Joko Dolog
41 44 Open Jl. Embong Trengguli

From To
Configuration Switch Name Switch Location
Bus Bus
18 21 Open Joko Dolog Jl. Joko Dolog
44 47 Open Trengguli Jl. Embong Trengguli
 LOSS REDUCTION

7.676529
Losses (kW)

6.762275 11,91%
6.598535 14,043%

Before reconfiguration Case 1 Case 2

 VOLTAGE PROFILE OF SURABAYA
1.0000

0.9995
Tegangan (p.u)

0.9990

0.9985

0.9980

0.9975
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49
-- Before reconfiguration -- Case 1 -- Case 2
LINE AND SWITCH LOCATION
 CONCLUSION

• Reconfiguration of radial distribution system or network can be done

using Kruskal algorithm by closing all the switches, committing the power
flow analysis, and weighting the power lines so that the new radial system
is obtained.
• Reconfiguration result in Case 1 is better than Case 2, therefore it can be
used for proposing the switch placement
• The GIS displays the reconfiguration result of existing switches, namely
Joko Dolog and Trengguli, which are located on Joko Dolog Street nd
Embong Trengguli Street, sequentially.
THANK
YOU