National Structural Codes of the

Philippines
Occupancy Category
Nature of Occupancy

 Building and other structures shall be classified,

based on the nature of the occupancy for the
purpose of applying wind and earthquake loads.

 Each building or other structures shall be assigned

to the highest applicable occupancy category or
categories
Essential Facilities
Hazardous Facilities
Special Occupancy
Standard Occupancy
Miscellaneous Structures
Dead Loads

consist of the weight of all materials

and fixed equipment incorporated into
the building or other structure.

**Table 204-1 Minimum Densities for Design Loads

from Materials (kN/m3)
Live Loads

those loads produced by the use and

occupancy of the building or other
structure and do not include dead load,
construction load, or environmental
loads such as wind load, earthquake
load and fluid load.
Live Load
Wind Loads
Types of Building

 BUILDING, ENCLOSED is a building that docs

not comply with the requirements for open
or partially enclosed buildings.
Types of Building

 BUILDING, OPEN. A building having each

wall at least 80 percent open. This
condition is expressed for each wall by the
equation Ao ≥ 0.8 Ag
Types of Building

 BUILDING, PARTIALLY ENCLOSED is a building that complies with both

of the following conditions:
1. the total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external
pressure exceeds the sum of the areas of openings in the balance of
the building envelope (walls and roof) by more than I 0%; and
2. the total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external
pressure exceeds 0.5 m2 or 1 percent of the area of that wall,
whichever is smaller, and the percentage of openings in the balance
of the building envelope does not exceed 20 percent.
Walls
BEARING WALL

any wall meeting either of the following

classifications:
 Any metal or wood stud wall that
supports more than 1.45 kN/m of
vertical load in addition to its own
weight.
 Any masonry or concrete wall that
supports more than 2.90 kN/m of
vertical load in addition to its own
weight.
BEARING WALL
EXTERIOR WALL

any wall or element of a wall, or

any member or group of members,
that defines the exterior boundaries
or courts of a building and that has
a slope of 60 degrees or greater
with the horizontal plane.
EXTERIOR WALL
EXTERIOR WALL
 PARAPET WALL

Part of any wall entirely

above the roof line.
RETAINING WALL

a wall designed to resist

the lateral displacement of
soil or other materials.
SHEAR WALL

Is a wall designed to
resist lateral forces
parallel to the place of
the wall
SHEAR WALL

It carries earthquake loads

down to the foundation.
They provide large strength
and stiffness to building in
the direction of their
orientation.
Earthquake Loads
Building, Low Rise

 Mean roof height, h, less

than or equal to 18m

 Mean roof height, h, does

not exceed least horizontal
dimension
Building, Low Rise
Story Shear

Story Shear – is the summation of

design lateral forces above the
story under consideration
Base Shear, V

Total design lateral

force or shear at the
base
Soft Story

Soft Story – in one which lateral

stiffness is less than 70 percent of
the stiffness of the story above
P-Delta

 The secondary effect on shears and

moments of structural members due to
the action of the vertical loads
induced by horizontal displacement of
the structure resulting from various
loading conditions.
Story Drift

 The horizontal deflection at

the top of the story relative
to the bottom of the story

Story Drift Ratio

Is the story drift divided by the story height
Soft Story
Weak Story

Weak Story – is one which the

story strength is less than 80
percent of the story above
Weak Story
Diaphragm

A horizontal or nearly horizontal system

acting to transmit lateral forces to the
vertical resisting elements. The term
“diaphragm” includes horizontal bracing
systems
Moment Resisting Frames

Is a frame in which members and joints are

capable of resisting forces primarily by
flexure
Lateral-Force Resisting Frames

Is that a part of the structural

system designed to resist the Design
seismic forces
THANK YOU!!