Chapter 9A - Impulse and

Momentum
A PowerPoint Presentation by
Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics
Southern Polytechnic State University

© 2007
 IMPULSE

Dt

Impulse J is a force Impulse:

F acting for a small
time interval Dt. J = F Dt
 Example 1: The face of a golf club exerts
an average force of 4000 N for 0.002 s.
What is the impulse imparted to the ball?

Impulse: J = F Dt

F
J = (4000 N)(0.002 s)
Dt
J = 8.00 Ns

The unit for impulse is the Newton-second (N s)

 Impulse Changes Velocity
Consider a mallet hitting a ball:

v f  vo
F  ma; a 
Dt
 v f  v0 
F  m  F Dt  mv f  mvo
 Dt 
Impulse = Change in “mv”
 Momentum Defined

Momentum p is defined as the product of

mass and velocity, mv. Units: kg m/s
p = mv Momentum

m = 1000 kg p = (1000 kg)(16 m/s)

p = 16,000 kg m/s
v = 16 m/s
Impulse and Momentum
Impulse = Change in momentum

F Dt = mvf - mvo

A force F acting on a ball

F mv for a time Dt increases its
momentum mv.
Dt
 Vector Nature of Momentum
Consider the change in momentum of a
ball that is dropped onto a rigid plate:
+ vf A 2-kg ball strikes the plate with
a speed of 20 m/s and rebounds
vo
with a speed of 15 m/s. What is
the change in momentum?
Dp = mvf - mvo = (2 kg)(15 m/s) - (2 kg)(-20 m/s)

Dp = 30 kg m/s + 40 kg m/s Dp = 70 kg m/s

 Directions Are Essential
1. Choose and label a positive direction.
v0 2. A velocity is positive when
with this direction and
vf negative when against it.
+
Assume v0 is 30 m/s to
vf = +10 m/s the left and vf is 10 m/s
v0= -30 m/s to the right. What is the
change in velocity Dv?

vf – v0 = (10 m/s) – (-30 m/s) Dv  40 m/s

 A Collision of Two Blocks
Before u1 u2
m1 m2

Collision
“u”= Before “v” = After
m1 m2B

After v1
m1 m2 v2
 Impulse and Momentum
uA uB
A B Impulse = Dp
-FA Dt FB Dt FDt = mvf– mvo
B
Opposite but Equal F Dt
vA vB
A B FBDt = -FADt

mBvB - mBuB = -(mAvA - mAuA)

Simplifying: mAvA + mBvB = mAuA + mBuB

 Elastic or Inelastic?

An elastic collision loses In an inelastic collision,

no energy. The deform- energy is lost and the
ation on collision is fully deformation may be
restored. permanent. (Click it.)
Completely Inelastic Collisions
Collisions where two objects stick together
and have a common velocity after impact.

Before After
Exercises.
1. The mass of a football ball is 450g. If the time that
the feet toucht a ball in rest is 8 x 10-3s, it will have
a velocity of 20 m/s.
Find:
a. Impulse.
b. Force done on the ball.

2. A 0.2 kg sphere is movin with a velocity of 1 m/s

and it hits a 0.3 Kg sphere that is in rest. After the
colision the first sphere (0.2 Kg) is moving in a
opposite direction with a velocity of 0.2 m/s. Find the
velocity of the second sphere after the colission.
3. A 2-kg ball moving to the right at 1 m/s strikes a 4-
kg ball moving left at 3 m/s. What are the velocities
after impact, assuming complete elasticity?

4. A 0.150 kg bullet is fired at 715 m/s into a 2-kg

wooden block at rest. The velocity of block afterward
is 40 m/s. The bullet passes through the block and
emerges with what velocity?
CONCLUSION: Chapter 9A
Impulse and Momentum