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CRAWLING AND COGGING

GMR Insttute of Technology

By
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr. RAMANA PILLA

Professor
Department of EEE

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CRAWLING AND COGGING

 The important characteristics normally shown by a squirrel cage
induction motors are crawling and cogging.
 These characteristics are the result of improper functioning of the
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motor that means either motor is running at very slow speed or it is

not taking the load.

(i) Crawling
 Sometimes, squirrel cage induction motors exhibit a tendency to run
Department of Mechanical Engineering

at very slow speed (i.e. Ns/7) compared to its synchronous speed (i.e.
Ns), this phenomenon is called as crawling.
 This action is due to the fact that, flux wave produced by a stator
winding is not purely sine wave. Instead, it is a complex wave
consisting a fundamental wave and odd harmonics like 3rd, 5th, 7th etc.
Methods to overcome Crawling:
 It can be reduced by reducing fifth and seventh harmonics, which can
be done by using a chorded or short pitched winding.
 It can be reduced by proper choice of coil span and skewing (slightly
twisting the rotor teeth)
 It can be minimized by choosing proper combination of stator and
rotor slots.
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(ii) Cogging (Magnetic locking or teeth locking)

 The phenomenon of magnetic locking between the stator and the rotor teeth is
called cogging or teeth locking. Even after applying full supply voltage to the
stator winding, the rotor of a 3-phase induction motor fails to start. This condition
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arises when the number of rotor teeth is equal to number of stator teeth, or has an
integral ratio.
 The number of the stator slots equal to or an integral multiple of the rotor slots,
strong alignment forces is produced between the stator and the rotor at the instant
of starting. These forces may create an alignment torque greater than the
Department of Mechanical Engineering

accelerating torque with consequent failure of the motor to start. Thus, a locking
is created between the stator and rotor teeth. This condition is known as cogging
or teeth locking or magnetic locking.

Methods to overcome Cogging:

 The number of slots in rotor should not be equal to the number of slots in the
stator.
 Skewing of the rotor slots, that means the stack of the rotor is arranged in such a
way that it angled with the axis of the rotation.

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THANK YOU

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