HIGH AND LOW VOLTAGE CUT OF WITH TIME DEALY

ALARM

SUBMITTED BY
O.NANDIVARDHAN
(17761A1032)
ABSTRACT:

• This circuit protects the costly equipment like TVs, air conditioners,
Refrigerators, etc. from high voltages as well as low voltages. If the
supplied voltage is abnormal (High or low) then the circuit
automatically turns of the load. This circuit also produces sound when
main power resume Generally voltage stabilizers are used in this type
of applications to maintain constant AC voltage. However due to the
abnormal AC supply, relays in voltage stabilizer switches ON and OFF
continuously. The frequent energization or de-energization of relays
leads to the shortening the life time of appliances and the stabilizer
itself. Hence it is better to use this project in order to control the
appliances instead of costly stabilizers
contents
• Introduction
• Components
• Circuit diagram
• Working
• Advantages
• Disadvantges
• Applications
• conclusion
Introduction:
Components:
• Center tapped Transformer (12-0-12V, 500mA)
• NE 555 timer
• UM66 IC
• Speaker
• 12V Relay
• 4 Transistors – SL100
• 2 Zener diodes – 5.6V
• Zener diode – 5V
• LED’s – red, green
• 5 Diodes – 1n4001
• 16V Electrolytic capacitors – 100uF, 10uF, 1uF
• Ceramic capacitor – 0.01uF
• Potentiometers – 4.7k, 4.7k, 10k
• 7 Resistors – 1k
• Resistors – 10k, 1M
Working:
When supply voltage is high, the DC voltage at the cathode of zener
diode D4 becomes greater than 5.6V. As a result, transistor Q1 is in ON
and transistor Q2 gets switched off. Hence the relay RL1 de-energizes
and load would be in OFF condition. Under low supply voltage
condition, transistor Q1 switches to ON condition and as a result
transistor Q2 switches off, making the load OFF.
When normal AC supply voltage is applied, the DC voltage at the
cathode of zener diode D4 is less than 5.6V, now transistor Q1 is off
condition. As a result, transistor Q2 is in ON condition, hence load
When supply is resumed after a break, 555 timer IC goes low and this
triggers the 555 timer IC. The output of 555 timer IC makes sound IC to
operate through the transistor Q3, at the same time, transistor Q1
switches to ON condition as the output 555 timer is connected to the
base of Q1 and results transistor Q2 OFF. Thus the relay switches off
the load.witches to ON by indicating the green LED.
Advantages:
• Simplicity of design
• Lower parts count
• Low noise
• Fast transient response
• Low cost
Disadvantages
• Lower efficiency if input-output difference is large
• Low effiency=significant heat dissipation
• May require a heat sink
• Capable exclusively of step down operation
Application
• This circuit helps us to save the costly gadgets like
refrigerators,tv’s,etc…
• This circuit also produces sound when main power resumes