Models and Strategies of

Community Intervention
• Locality development seeks to build relationships
within the community and enhance community
integration and capacity through broad
participation
• Locality development supports empowerment in
that the community is actively involved in defining
its problem and determining goals (Cnaan &
Rothman, 1986).
A. Community
Development/Locality
Development Model/Project-
Oriented Approach by Murray
Ross
• Community Development refers to processes by
which the efforts of the people themselves are
united with those of governmental authorities to
improve the economic, social, and cultural
conditions of communities into the life of the
nation, and to enable them to contribute fully to
national progress.
•
Purposes of CD
• Community competence (UN)
• Solution of specific community problems and needs
for the development of the community and benefit
of its people with the participation of the target
beneficiaries themselves.
Three methods or approaches of
Community Development
1. Single function approach (Program
initiated by external agents)

• Programs or techniques are implanted by external

agents-"a new school, a medical program, or a
housing project", which the external agent (or the
organization s/he represents) think will benefit the
community.
•
2. Multiple function approach
(Coordinated team approach)
• There is a recognition of the wholeness of
community life and a team of experts seeks to
provide a variety of services and to solve some of
the problems which may arise as alterations are
made in the community. In both the foregoing
approaches, the direction and nature of the
changes is externally, rather than internally,
imposed.
•
3. Inner resources approach (Alded
Self-Help Approach)
• The community is as seen as an integrated social
and economic system consisting of class and group
organizations that has its own patterns of social
values, attitudes, customs beliefs and diversified in
age , sex, profession, vocation , skills and social
function , changes in one part of the system will
• Have an effect on other parts of the system.