Comparative Economic Development: Pakistan and

Bangladesh

Muhammad Usman Younas(Bba02153113)

Muhammad Usman Sajjad(Bba02153131)

INTRODUCTION:
● In 1971, Bangladesh got independence from Pakistan
● William Easterly declared Pakistan a state of “Growth without development”
● Bangladesh facing social problems but rapidly going from a famine state towards
hope
● Pakistan and bangladesh are both lower income countries
GROWTH:
● Average income in Pakistan remains higher than Bangladesh
● In Pakistan, Per capita income grew at about 2.2% from 1950 to 2000,As per result
it is tripled
● From 2000 to 2011 growth in Pakistan averaged 4.9% and with population growth
1.8% and per capita growth was about 3.1%.
● In Bangladesh, GDP growth averaged 6% from 2000 to 2011 with 1.3% population
growth and per capita GDP growth was 4.7%
● In 2005 when international textile quota of multifiber was ended bangladesh
found itself in huge crisis but now they are recovering
POVERTY:
● 1.25 % of Pakistan’s population lives under the poverty line as compared to 51% of
Bangladesh.
● Incomes of poor people are increasing in Bangladesh.
● Factors like NGOs working in rural area to eradicate extreme poverty in
bangladesh
● Opportunities for women to work in industrial sector in bangladesh
● 80% of Bangladesh population are living under $2 income per day whereas this
ratio is 61% in Pakistan
● A large number of both countries population are working abroad to support their
families
EDUCATION & LITERACY:
● According to Unesco, in 2011 the female literacy rate in Pakistan was 40% and
69% male rate. But now it’s 48% for females and 70% for females
● In Bangladesh, female literacy rate was 53% and 62% for males. But now it’s
75.62% for males and 69.9% for females
● In 2011, 52% of students enrolled in schools of Bangladesh and only 35% in
Pakistan.
● In Bangladesh female to male primary and secondary ratio is 1.07 to 1% but in
Pakistan it is only 0.83%
● Ishrat hussain believes that the poor population couldn’t get the basic education
and incentives because of the elites not wanting them too.
HEALTH:
● Life expectancy rate in Pakistan is 65 years but it’s 69 years in Bangladesh
● In 1970, it was 54 in Pakistan and 44 in Bangladesh
● Child malnutrition has also fallen in Bangladesh from two third to half
● Under 5 mortality rate is also fallen.
● In 1970, under 5 mortality rate in Bangladesh was 239 per 1000 but it was 180 per
1000 in Pakistan
POPULATION:
● Bangladesh has progressed in reducing fertility rate to 2.2%
● At the time of independence every women gave 6 births
● In Pakistan fertility rate has also fallen to 3.3%
● Fertility tends to fall as increase in social and economic progress
● Lower fertility rate helps us to invest more in our children
UNDERSTANDING THE DIVERGENCE:
● What explains the unexpectedly poor performance of Pakistan in social
development and recent growth even in relation to Bangladesh, and what might
be done to improve it?
GEOGRAPHY:
● Geography contains development success
● Bangladesh would seem to be at disadvantage because it is a tropical country
● Bangladesh is most dense population country in world as 1174 people living per
square kilometer
● 98% of bangladesh population is ethnic bangla and speaks bangla language
● Pakistan has a very high level of ethnic and language diversity
GENDER EQUITY:
● Bangladesh gender equality index of 2013 was 0.55% much higher than pakistan
score of 0.29%
● As of 2008 60% of females and males are literate in pakistan
● But in bangladesh in 2008 this rate was at 83%
● More opportunities for women to work in garments factories in bangladesh
AID:
● Pakistan has received a great aid since its independence
● It is listed as one of the top earning countries
● After september 11 attack in USA pakistan became their ally
● Bangladesh has also benefited from aid because of the active involvement of
NGOs
GOVERNANCE AND ROLE OF MILITARY:
● Military has always plays a prominent role in pakistan
● Due to kashmir conflict most of the budget goes to military because there is
always a chance of war with india
● In 2013, election were fair
● Active military in bangladesh after independence in politics
● After their 1990 withdrawed the country has going towards progress
CIVIL SOCIETY:
● It is also known as non government or citizen sector
● Bangladesh has one of the most liberal NGOs in the world
● Ishrat hussain purposes that pakistan has experienced an “Elitist growth model”
● He states that failor of government and the consisted domination of political
power for seeking to advance family interest is the main cause of bad governance
in pakistan
● The lower the rate of literacy rates, the lower that probability that ruling elite
could be replaced.
CONCLUSION:
The differences in social development in Bangladesh and Pakistan are not as overwhelming as would be found in a
comparison with Sri Lanka, which has had favorable human development statistics for its low-income level despite enduring
civil conflict, or even as dramatic as found between low- income states in India, such as the relatively high human
development state of Kerala and the low- development state of Bihar. But Pakistan’s growth has been higher than many
countries that have made much greater social improvements and has done much better with available aid. The alternative
interpretation of Pakistan’s experience is that economic growth is after all possible even without high investment in health
and education. But the long-term trends are for slower growth in Pakistan and higher growth in Bangladesh, making this
interpretation simply untenable.