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Definition of Pollution
When Harmful Substances Contaminate the
environment it is Called Pollution.
It can be defined as any unwanted change in the
physical, chemical, biological characteristics of
any component of the environment which can
cause harm to life and property.
Types of Pollution
Air
Marine
Water
Pollution Soil
Noise
Nuclear
Air pollution
What is Atmosphere?
Atmosphere is the life blanket of Earth.
Air....
Air supplies us with
oxygen which is essential
for our bodies to live.
Air is a mixture of
nitrogen, oxygen, water
vapor, carbon dioxide and
inert gases.
Human activities can
release substances into
the air, some of which can
cause problems to
humans, plants, and
animals.
Natural Composition of
Gases
Definition
Air pollution : An atmospheric condition in
which certain substances (including normal
constituents in excess) are present in
concentrations which can cause undesirable
effects on man and his environment.
They are in the form of gases; Particulate
matter(dust, smoke, fumes, etc) & Radioactive
(rado-222, Iodine-131, etc)
Sources of Air Pollution
Sources
Natural Anthropogenic
Ground level O3 (primary Reaction of VOC + nox in Vehicles and industries are
constituent of smog) presence of heat +sun light the major source
Carbon monoxide Reduces bloods ability to carry Produced by the incomplete
O2 burning of carbon-based fuels
& natural and synthetic
products such as cigarettes
Carbon dioxide Principle greenhouse gas. Emitted as a result of human
activities such as the burning
of coal, oil, and natural gases
Sulphur dioxide Precursor to acid rain along Formed when fuel (coal, oil)
with Nox containing S is burned and
metal smelting
Human health
Animals
Plants
Materials
Environment
Effect on Human health
Fukushima in Japan
Pripyat in Ukraine
Effects and control
Genetic damage : DNA alterations, gene
damage, chromosome damage
Somatic damage: Burns, miscarriages,
eye cataract, cancers of skin, bones,
breast.
Proper siting.
Proper disposal.
Soil pollution
Soil is upper layer of earth crust, contains organic
matter, fertile
Dumping of wastes causes soil pollution
Garbage
Rubbish like glass, plastics, metallic cans, papers,
cloth rags, containers
Discharge of Industrial wastes.
Fly ash from Thermal power plants
Fertilizers and pesticides: DDT, endrin, Lindane.
Sewage sludge and radioactive wastes
Effects and control
Reduce soil productivity
Affects soil flora and fauna
Sludge contains worms, bacteria and
pathogens.
Radioactive wastes enter food chain:
Strontium 90 mimics calcium.
Segregation of waste