Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Presentation on Compressors And Their

Types
By-
Rishab Jain
B.TECH
M.E-7TH SEM
1632456
INTRODUCTION
 A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the
pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is
a specific type of gas compressor.
 Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the
pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a
pipe.
How They Are Different From Pumps ?
 A pump is a machine that moves a fluid (either liquid or gas)
from one place to another. A compressor is a machine
that squeezes a gas into a smaller volume and pumps it
somewhere else at the same time.
 Pumps and compressors use very similar mechanisms, and
basically perform the same action, but in different fluid
regimes.
 Pumps are often used in continuous-flow operation, while
many lower-end compressors must have intermittent duty
cycles.
Classifications
Positive Displacement
 Positive displacement compressors draw in and capture a
volume of air in a chamber, then reduce the volume of the
chamber to compress the air. Reciprocating Piston
Compressors, Rotary Screw Compressors, Rotary Vane
Compressors, and Scroll Compressors are all positive
displacement compressors.
Reciprocating Compressors
 Reciprocating compressors use pistons driven by a
crankshaft. They can be either stationary or portable, can be
single or multi-staged, and can be driven by electric motors
or internal combustion engines.
 In certain applications, such as air compression, multi-stage
double-acting compressors are said to be the most efficient
compressors available, and are typically larger, and more
costly than comparable rotary units.
• Types- Single Acting Compressor
• Double Acting Compressors
Reciprocating Compressors
Single Acting Compressors
 A single-acting cylinder in a reciprocating engine is a
cylinder in which the working fluid acts on one side of the
piston only. A single-acting cylinder relies on the load,
springs, other cylinders, or the momentum of a flywheel, to
push the piston back in the other direction. Single-acting
cylinders are found in most kinds of reciprocating engine.
Double Acting Compressors
 A double-acting cylinder is a cylinder in which the
working fluid acts alternately on both sides of the piston. In
order to connect the piston in a double-acting cylinder to an
external mechanism, such as a crank shaft, a hole must be
provided in one end of the cylinder for the piston rod
Intercooling in Multi-stage
 An intercooler is any mechanical device used to cool a fluid,
including liquids or gases, between stages of a multi-stage
compression process, typically a heat exchanger that removes
waste heat in a gas compressor.
Rotary Screw Compressor
 A rotary-screw compressor is a type of gas compressor that uses a
rotary-type positive-displacement mechanism. They are
commonly used to replace piston compressors where large
volumes of high-pressure air are needed.
Vane Compressor
 Vane Compressors, also known as Rotary Vane Air
Compressors, are one of a variety of types of compressors
described here at about-air-compressors.com. Here is
information on them, and a forum link is at the bottom of the
page if the content does not answer your question about
them.
Centrifugal Compressor
 Centrifugal compressors use a rotating disk or impeller
in a shaped housing to force the gas to the rim of the
impeller, increasing the velocity of the gas. A diffuser
(divergent duct) section converts the velocity energy to
pressure energy. They are primarily used for continuous,
stationary service in industries such as oil refineries.
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Axial Flow Compressors
 Axial-flow compressors are dynamic rotating
compressors that use arrays of fan-like airfoils to
progressively compress a fluid. They are used where high
flow rates or a compact design are required.