MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA

MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA

Focus:
• The Architectural Elements, Stylistic features, Symbolism, and Concepts of Space in the
Indo Islamic Architecture.

Content:
• Beginnings of Islamic Architecture in India: Mosque (Masjid), Mausoleum (Maqbarah),
Mortuary Complex (Rauza)
• Development of various regional styles of Islamic Architecture:
 Monuments at Delhi - Kutub-ud-din Aibak and his Slave dynasty,
 Lodhi, Tughlaq and Mughal dynasties,
 Jaunpur Style,
 Malwa or Mandu Style,
 Different Styles at Deccan
 Monuments at Gujarat- Sultanate and Mughal monuments

Reference Books:
• Indian Architecture – Islamic, Percy Brown, Taraporewala Publications
• Indian Architecture – Islamic, Grover Satish, Vikas Publishing House
• History of Architecture, Sir Banister Fletcher, Architectural Press
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SUBJECT CODE: SUBJECT NAME: BATCH: 2016 YEAR: 2018

FACULTY NAME/S & SIGN:
1045004 History of Prof. Ar. Chintan Patel
Architecture - II
SUPPORT FACULTY/S:

TEACHING
LIST OF DELIVERABLES
SCHEDULE

Lecture – 1  Basic introduction of Mughal or Indo – Islamic Architecture

Lecture – 2  Introduction to Islamic India

Lecture – 3  Slave & Khalji Dynasty

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Lecture – 4  Tughlaq, Sayyid & Lodi Dynasty

 Imperial style of Punjab, Bengal & Jaunpur

Lecture – 5
 Feudalism in Central and East India

Lecture – 6  Imperial style of Gujarat

Lecture – 7  Imperial style of Central and South India

Lecture – 8  Introduction to Mughal Period – 15th Century

 Akbar and Jahangir

Lecture – 9
 Final submission of exercise on one Mughal building of Ahmedabad
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Lecture – 10  Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb

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Marking System for the entire syllabus:

Internal Marks (70 %) External Marks

Assignments

Mid Semester Exam Attendance

Building study 50 %

40 Marks 20 Marks 40 Marks

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HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF INDIAN ARCHITECTURE

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3500 B.C. Stone Age Farmers

2500 B.C. Indus Valley Civilization

1500 B.C. Indo – European speaking people came to India

1000 B.C. Later Vedic Period

500 B.C. Initial establishment of Mauryan Empire

200 B.C. Mauryan Empire

200 A.D. Saatvahana and Shrunga Period

500 A.D. Gupta Empire

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700 A.D. Chalukyans, Pala, Pallavas, Cholas, Cheras, Pandyas, Solankies

900 A.D. Chalukyas, Palas, Cholas, Rajputs

1200 A.D. Rajputs, Cholas, Delhi Sultanate

1400 A.D. Regional Kingdoms

1600 A.D. Mughal Empire and other Regional Kingdoms

1800 A.D. Marathas, Mughals, Rajputs, British East India Company

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• Characteristics of Indian Architecture:

 Associated with the age - old and inherent creeds (beliefs, principles) of the
country
 Such tradition last long till 12th Century AD

 In the beginning of the 12th Century AD

 A forceful people came to India through various invasions
 Who brought conceptions and beliefs from an exterior source
 Which broke the continuity of thoughts in India and broadened the vision

 Hence the architectural style that emerged as an effect of such transitional

movement and spread of Islam thorough out the country has known as Indo –
Islamic Architecture.
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• Differentiations between two Cultures and Idealism:

 Grounds are different

 Static development of Indian Architecture – compare to innovations bring in by

Muslims through experiences gained from different islands

 Trabeate and Arcuate methods of building

 Introduction to mortar masonry

 Practice developed to counteract the effects of oblique or lateral thrust and to

resist the forces of stress and strain, which gave greater strength and stability.
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• Differentiations between two Cultures and Idealism:

 As a effect of adoption of “ARCH”, the skyline of the buildings in India changed

by the introduction of dome.

 Later on these construction techniques known as “Sarcenic Architectural Style”

 Importance of Indian phase of Islamic Architecture in World History depends on

two main reasons

 Late Development
 Genius Indigenous Craftsman

 Great Achievement has come through the second of these factors.

“Living knowledge and skill possessed by the Indian Craftsman”

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• Differentiations between two Cultures and Idealism:

 During the period of Indian Architecture these craftsman put more efforts to
express more sculpturesque appearance than architectural.
 Such expressions in the later stage had scientific methods involved to achieve
proportions and scale.
 Such methods were manipulated to adopt and develop scientific as well as
artistic architecture during the Islamic period.
 The movement of “Islamic Architecture” as a whole in other countries ceased
by the time it reached India.
 During the Indo – Islamic Architecture the principles of religious edifice together
with certain constructive measures were adopted but very few technical
processes were adopted for building construction.
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• Differentiations between two Cultures and Idealism:

 “Indian Architecture” as a whole was confined mainly to temples

 While Indo – Islamic Architecture was represented by many different types of
building.
 Such buildings can broadly categorized into two parts.
 Religious
• The Mosques
• The Tomb
 Secular
• Houses
• Pavillions
• Town Gates
• Wells
• Gardens
• Palace – Forts
• Entire Cities
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• Keywords:

 Masjid / Mosque
 Sahn
 Liwans
 Sanctuary
 Mihrab
 Mimbar or Pulpit
 Dome and Types of Domes developed during these period.