DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF

FLUID FLOW
6.1 Fluid Element Kinematics
a. Velocity and Acceleration Fields
Revisited
b. Linear Motion and Deformation

volumetric dilatation rate

linear deformation
 Angular Motion and Deformation

 = vorticity
Shearing strain
Rate of Shearing strain or the rate of angular deformation
Ex. 6.1 Vorticity

FIND Is this flow irrotational?

SOLUTION

the flow is irrotational.

6.2 Conservation of Mass

Incompressible flow
Ex. 6.2 Continuity Equation
incompressible, steady-flow field

FIND Determine the form of the z component, w,

SOLUTION
a. Cylindrical Polar Coordinates

Incompressible flow
b. The Stream Function

Lines along which is constant are streamlines.

Ex. 6.3 Stream Function

steady, incompressible

FIND a. stream function

b. sketch several streamlines

SOLUTION
6.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum
6.4 Inviscid Flow

Euler’s Equations of Motion

The Bernoulli Equation

restricted to:
Inviscid flow , incompressible flow, steady flow, and flow along a streamline
Irrotational Flow

The Bernoulli Equation for

Irrotational Flow

restricted to:
inviscid flow
incompressible flow
steady flow
irrotational flow
The Velocity Potential

Laplace’s equation.

inviscid, incompressible, irrotational

flow fields are governed by Laplace’s
equation.
cylindrical coordinates
6.5 Some Basic, Plane Potential Flows

the condition of irrotationality,

equipotential lines
6.5.1 Uniform Flow

U= U and v= 0
6.5.2 Source and Sink
 Ex. 6.5 Potential Flow—Sink

FIND: the volume rate of flow

Solution:
 6.5.3 Vortex
A vortex represents a flow in which the streamlines are concentric circles.

a) for irrotational (free) vortex; (b) for rotational (forced) vortex.

6.5.4 Doublet
A doublet is formed by an appropriate source-sink pair.
 6.6 Superposition of Basic, Plane
Potential Flows
Any streamline in an inviscid flow field can be considered as a solid boundary, since the
conditions along a solid boundary and a streamline are the same—that is, there is no
flow through the boundary or the streamline.

6.6.1 Source in a Uniform Stream—Half-Body

6.6.2 Rankine Ovals
6.6.3 Flow around a Circular Cylinder
6.7 Other Aspects of Potential Flow
Analysis
 Determining the velocity potential or stream function for
a given body shape is a much more complicated
problem.
 An important point to remember is that regardless of
the particular technique used to obtain a solution to a
potential flow problem, the solution remains
approximate because of the fundamental assumption of
a frictionless fluid.
 Thus, “exact” solutions based on potential flow theory
represent, at best, only approximate solutions to real
fluid problems.
6.8 Viscous Flow

6.8.1 Stress–Deformation Relationships

6.8.2 The Navier–Stokes Equations

6.9 Some Simple Solutions for Laminar,
Viscous, Incompressible Fluids
 The Navier–Stokes equations apply to both laminar
and turbulent flow, but for turbulent flow each
velocity component fluctuates randomly with respect
to time and this added complication makes an
analytical solution intractable.
6.9.1 Steady, Laminar Flow between
Fixed Parallel Plates

6.9.2 Couette Flow

6.9.3 Steady, Laminar Flow in
Circular Tubes
6.9.4 Steady, Axial, Laminar Flow in
an Annulus
6.10 Other Aspects of Differential
Analysis