PL 4201 Teori Perencanaan

Kuliah 5: Radical Planning

 Towards inclusive planning
• Excluding local people from the planning
process
– Epistemological: increased acceptance of
other forms of knowledge (e.g. indigenous
and gender specific)
– Methodological: takes into account informal
processes that fall outside of the state
regulated planning (e.g. oppositional
planning)
• Knowledge of trained professionals 
knowledge embodied in social movements
 Inclusive Planning
• The poor considered in the planning process
as a separate entity, different needs and
orientation;
– Presence of kampong in urban areas
– Urban villages
– Informal sector
• A society oriented itself towards market -->
market society, prioritize valuation
– Inequality
– Social justice
• Perencanaan berbasis gender
– Penggunaan angkutan umum
– Adanya pasar yang berdekatan dengan
tempat tinggal
• Perencanaan mempertimbangkan
kelompok disabilitas
– Jalur lalu lintas perduli disabilitas
• Perencanaan yang memperhitungkan
ruang Hijau atau ruang public
Planning and Political Order
1. Practice of Planning in the public domain
has both political and technical aspects
2. Technical aspects are especially
pronounced in bureaucratic practice.
Political aspects predominate in political
practice
3. Bureaucratic practice is articulated through
the institutional structure of the state.
4. Political Practice has its origin in the
politically active community
Formal Concept of Planning
1. Planning attempts to link scientific
and technical knowledge to actions
in the public domain.
2. Planning attempts to link scientific
and technical knowledge to process
of societal guidance
3. Planning attempts to link scientific
and technical knowledge to process
of social transformation
Formal Concept of Planning

Societal guidance is articulated

through the state, and is concerned
chiefly with systematic change.
Social transformation focuses on the
political practices of system
transformation
 Conventional vs Radical
• Work for the state • Work for the
• Legal legitimation community
• Moral superiority
 Planning (Friedmann 1987)
• Transfer of knowledge into action in the
public domain
• Two types of planning:
– social guidance
• System maintenance and change, processes
promoted by the central institutions from other
domains especially the corporate economy
(planning from above)
– social transformation
• Planning from below
• Societal guidance  social
transformation
– Collaborative planning
• Hard infrastructure (relates to governance)
• Soft infrastructure (process of consensus building)
– Arnstein (1968) assumes citizens struggle
‘upward to power via a single set of
institutions”  in countries that lack planning
process and political structures
 Collaborative planning
• Conceptualizes both: perspectives of local
people and of state actors
• Effective partnership between local civil
organizations and the state
• In environmental planning: “co management” of
resources by local groups
• Emerges from:
– Recognition of incomplete reaches and capacity of
the stae
– Advocacy of citizen participation in planning
 Covert planning
• Planning encompasses local residents’
planning for themselves outside of, and
sometimes in opposition to, formal
planning and regulatory frameworks.
• It does not overtly challenge power
relations.
– Creation of library services  social learning
(eradication of illiteracy)
– “avoidance of protests”, “everyday form of
resistance”
 Radical Planning
• Critique of modern planning paradigm
– Inability to incorporate local people in decision
makin gprocess
– Failure of top down approaches
– Fail to incorporate diversity fof needs in
multicultural society
• Address unequal and unjust relations of
power (class, ethnicity, sexual orientastion
etc)
 Alinsky Style of community
organizing
• Covert planning vs Alinsky style of
community organizing
– Subtle (fears of repercussion, taking
incremental incipient steps toward altering
larger power relations)
• Both toward emancipations
 Marxist Approach to Radical
Planning
• In relation to the treatment of social
classes – injustice that appear from it
• Material works redefine the class
• Struggle to revoke injustice
• To create a class less society
 Recalcitrant Planning
• Espouse a particular set of values or
beliefs
Gerakan Kiri
• Roles of the state in the
society improves
• social contracts
• Theory of public interests
• Access to properties
Gerakan kanan
• Individual decisions
• Market mechanism
• Anti planning
 Pertanyaan:
• Apakah yang dimaksud dengan covert
planning? Bagaimana contohnya di ibu
PKK di Indonesia?
• Bagaimana radical planning dalam
semangat Alinsky?
• Apa yang dimaksud dengan recalcitrant
planning?