Cells

Cells are the basic units of life of all organisms

building block of life
Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a nucleus; have many
organelles to carry out important cellular functions
Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, do not have a nucleus or
membrane-bound organelles
Cells
have different parts which perform specific function
Cytology - study of cells
Robert Hooke - first man to observe cells
Stem cell therapy - modern way of replacing worn out or
damaged cells
 Comparison of Animal and Plant Cell

•Eukaryotic cell
•Cell membrane
•Nucleus
•Cytoplasm •Cell wall
•Mitochondrion •Chloroplast
•Golgi bodies •Bigger vacuole
•Centriole •RER •Box-like shape
•Smaller vacuoles •SER
•Vacuole
•Ribosome
•Lysosome
Levels of Organization
Tissues
group of similar cells that
all work together to
perform the same job
Histology - study of
tissues
4 Types of Human Tissue
Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue

Muscle Tissue Nerve Tissue

1. Epithelial Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
‘covers something’
typically an organ
serves as lining of the organs
protects and defends body against injury and
infection
aids in the secretion of mucus or slime
Types of Epithelial Tissue
Defined by:
1.cell shape
2.number of cell layers
Types of Epithelial Tissue by Cell Shape

1. Columnar - column
Types of Epithelial Tissue by Cell Shape

2. Cuboidal - cube
Types of Epithelial Tissue by Cell Shape

3. Squamous - scale-like
Types of Epithelial Tissue by number of cell
layers

1. Simple - one cell layer thick

2. Stratified - more than one cell layer thick

Simple tissues
Body Parts Covered by Epithelial Tissue

skin
stomach
small and large intestine
cornea
kidney
2. Connective Tissues
Connective Tissue
connects things in our body together
supports and protects the body
strong and can be stretched to bind body parts
together
gives the body shape and support
Types of Connective Tissues
1. Bones
provide
attachment to the
muscles; also
protect some
organs
Types of Connective Tissues
2. Cartilage
softer than bones;
provides cushion
between bones; have
no blood supply
Types of Connective Tissues
3. Blood
contain cells that
transport oxygen,
provide defenses
against foreign bodies
and help form blood
clots
Types of Connective Tissues
4. Fat (adipose tissue)
insulates the body,
protects organs, and
stores energy
Body Parts under Connective Tissue
Bones
Tendons
Ligaments
Cartilage
3. Muscle Tissues
Muscle Tissue
produces movement
contracts, expands and relaxes depending on
the body’s activity
Types of Muscle Tissues
A. Voluntary Muscle Tissues
- can be controlled
1. Striated (stripes)
allow the individual to rest
when he or she wants to
found in arms and legs
Types of Muscle Tissues
B. Involuntary Muscle Tissues
- cannot be consciously controlled
2. Smooth
no striations
found in stomach,
intestine, diaphragm,
blood vessels
Types of Muscle Tissues
B. Involuntary Muscle Tissues
- cannot be consciously controlled
3. Cardiac
make up the heart
pump blood through the
contraction and relaxation
of this muscle
4. Nerve Tissue
Nerve Tissue
makes up information network of the body
found in the brain, spinal cord, nerves
made up of nerve cells or neurons
send and receive impulses from one body part to
another
Nerve Tissue
REVIEW
1.What are tissues?
2.What is the study of tissues?
3.What are the 4 tissue types in
humans?
4.What are epithelial tissues?
5.What are the types of epithelial
tissues by shape?
6.What are the types of epithelial
tissues by number of layers?
7.What are connective tissues?
8.What are the types of connective
tissues?
9.What are the types of muscle
tissues?
Review!
1. Identify the correct order of the following
items, according to size (from smallest to
largest):
a. individual cells, tissues, organism
b. individual cells, organism, tissues
c. tissues, individual cells, organism
d. organism, tissues, individual cells
2. How many basic tissue types are there in
humans?
a. 6
b. 2
c. 4
d. too many to count
3. Specific epithelial tissues are categorized by what two
things?
a. The individual cell shape and how many cell layers thick
the tissue is.
b. The individual cell shape and if the tissue is under
voluntary or involuntary control.
c. How many cell layers thick the tissue is, and if it is found in
a human or a plant.
d. Where the tissues are found and what they do.
4. What type of muscle tissue is under
voluntary control?
a. Cardiac muscle
b. Nervous muscle
c. Skeletal muscle
d. Smooth muscle
5. 'Simple squamous epithelial tissue' can be described as?
a. A tissue that is a single cell layer thick, with column-like
cells.
b. A tissue that is a single cell layer thick, with scale-like
cells.
c. A tissue that is more than one cell layer thick, with cube-
like cells.
d. A tissue that is more than one cell layer thick, with
column-like cells.
6. Bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage and
fats fall under what type of tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nerve tissue
7. Striated, smooth and cardiac are under
what type of tissue?
h. Epithelial tissue
i. Connective tissue
j. Muscle tissue
k. Nerve tissue
8. - 11. Enumerate the different types of
tissues in humans.
12. - 15. Enumerate the different types of
connective tissues.
16. - 18. Enumerate the different types of
muscle tissues.
19. Makes up the information network of
the body.
20. It is the study of tissues.
Answers!
1. Identify the correct order of the following
items, according to size (from smallest to
largest):
a. individual cells, tissues, organism
b. individual cells, organism, tissues
c. tissues, individual cells, organism
d. organism, tissues, individual cells
1. Identify the correct order of the following
items, according to size (from smallest to
largest):
a. individual cells, tissues, organism
b. individual cells, organism, tissues
c. tissues, individual cells, organism
d. organism, tissues, individual cells
2. How many basic tissue types are there in
humans?
a. 6
b. 2
c. 4
d. too many to count
2. How many basic tissue types are there in
humans?
a. 6
b. 2
c. 4
d. too many to count
3. Specific epithelial tissues are categorized by what two
things?
a. The individual cell shape and how many cell layers thick
the tissue is.
b. The individual cell shape and if the tissue is under
voluntary or involuntary control.
c. How many cell layers thick the tissue is, and if it is found in
a human or a plant.
d. Where the tissues are found and what they do.
3. Specific epithelial tissues are categorized by what two
things?
a. The individual cell shape and how many cell layers thick
the tissue is.
b. The individual cell shape and if the tissue is under
voluntary or involuntary control.
c. How many cell layers thick the tissue is, and if it is found in
a human or a plant.
d. Where the tissues are found and what they do.
4. What type of muscle tissue is under
voluntary control?
a. Cardiac muscle
b. Nervous muscle
c. Striated muscle
d. Smooth muscle
4. What type of muscle tissue is under
voluntary control?
a. Cardiac muscle
b. Nervous muscle
c. Striated muscle
d. Smooth muscle
5. 'Simple squamous epithelial tissue' can be described as?
a. A tissue that is a single cell layer thick, with column-like
cells.
b. A tissue that is a single cell layer thick, with scale-like
cells.
c. A tissue that is more than one cell layer thick, with cube-
like cells.
d. A tissue that is more than one cell layer thick, with
column-like cells.
5. 'Simple squamous epithelial tissue' can be described as?
a. A tissue that is a single cell layer thick, with column-like
cells.
b. A tissue that is a single cell layer thick, with scale-like
cells.
c. A tissue that is more than one cell layer thick, with cube-
like cells.
d. A tissue that is more than one cell layer thick, with
column-like cells.
6. Bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage and
fats fall under what type of tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nerve tissue
6. Bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage and
fats fall under what type of tissue?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nerve tissue
7. Striated, smooth and cardiac are under
what type of tissue?
h. Epithelial tissue
i. Connective tissue
j. Muscle tissue
k. Nerve tissue
7. Striated, smooth and cardiac are under
what type of tissue?
h. Epithelial tissue
i. Connective tissue
j. Muscle tissue
k. Nerve tissue
8. - 11. Enumerate the different types of
tissues in humans.
9. Epithelial tissue
10. Connective tissue
11. Muscle tissue
12. Nerve tissue
12. - 15. Enumerate the different types of
connective tissues.
13. Bone
14. Cartilage
15. Blood
16. Fat
16. - 18. Enumerate the different types of
muscle tissues.
17. Striated
18. Smooth
19. Cardiac
19. Makes up the information network of
the body.
20. Nerve tissue
20. It is the study of tissues.
21. Histology