FOREST FIRE DETECTION

Using IOT

Members:

Nikhil Nimbalkar 01
Atharv Phadnis 02
Saket Shetty 06
Faisal Shaikh 07
Objectives:
● To make an IOT enabled device which will be able to detect forest fire early
as possible
● To reduce the number of forest fire by using such an IOT enabled device.
● To analyze the changes in temperature of forest by using sensors.
● To analyze the concentration of gases present in the forest.
Introduction:
● Forests are the protectors of earth's ecological balance.
● Fires observed only when it has already spread over a large area resulting
into devastating loss.
● 30% of carbon dioxide from forest fires.
● With the help of IOT device will be made to detect forest fires.
● Various sensors will be used.
● A cloud service will be used to analyze the data collected from sensors.
Literature Review:
● Forest Fire Detection using IOT:

Large number of sensors were used along with the video camera to detect the fire
at its very early stage. All the sensors data were uploaded to the main server, from
where it was being analysed and the footages of the videos were being checked
regularly.

● Detection of fire using drone and IOT:

A flying drone was used in this project along with some sensors. Drone was used
to monitor the activities in the forest. All the data from the sensors were uploaded
on the cloud service called ThingSpeak from where it was analyzed.
Requirements:
Hardware Requirements: Software Requirements:

NodeMcu Board Arduino IDE

DHT11 Sensor ThingSpeak

MQ2 Gas Sensor

Buzzer or LED
NodeMcu:

● NodeMCU is an open source LUA based firmware developed for ESP8266

wifi chip.
● Already comes with Wi-Fi module built in it.
● It is a low cost chip which can be used for various purposes.
DHT11 Sensor:

● Basic, ultra low-cost sensor.

● Used to detect temperature and humidity present in its surrounding.
● Uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the
surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal on the data pin.
● Simple to use, but requires careful timing to grab data.
● The only real downside of this sensor is you can only get new data from it
once every 2 seconds, so when using our library, sensor readings can be up
to 2 seconds old.
MQ2 Sensor:

● It is a Gas Sensor module used to detect gas leakage in home and industry.
● Uses a small heater inside with an electrochemical sensor.
● Sensitive to a range of gasses and are used indoors at room temperature.
● The output is an analog signal and can be read with an analog input of the
Arduino.
Buzzer:

● It is an audio signalling device.

● May be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric.
● Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
LED:

● A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device.

● It emits light when an electric current is passed through it.
● Light is produced when the particles that carry the current (known as
electrons and holes) combine together within the semiconductor material.
Arduino IDE:

● Developed by a software and hardware company which design and

manufactures various microcontrollers.
● Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU
General Public License (GPL)
● Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form or as do-it-
yourself (DIY) kits.
● Used to test the arduino board along with the connections.
ThingSpeak:

● IoT analytics platform service that allows you to aggregate, visualize and
analyze live data streams in the cloud.
● Provides instant visualizations of data posted by your devices to ThingSpeak.
● Perform online analysis and processing of the data as it comes in.
● Used for prototyping and proof of concept IoT systems that require analytics.
Block Diagram:
Interfacing of DHT11 with NodeMcu:
● Connect Ground Pin of dht to nodemcu
● Connect the data pin of the DHT11 sensor

to the GPIO0 pin of the NodeMcu

Board.

● Connect the VCC pin of the DHT11

Sensor with the NodeMcu Board.

Interfacing of mq2 with NodeMcu
● Connect analog pin of MQ2 gas sensor to the A0

Pin of the NodeMcu board.

● Connect the VCC pin of the MQ2

Sensor with the NodeMcu Board.

● Connect Ground Pin of MQ2 to the GND pin of the NodeMcu Board.
Methodology:
● Connect all the pins of the sensors with the NodeMcu board according to the
interfacing given above
● Once all the circuit connections have been done open the arduino ide and
select the board as nodemcu.
● Once the coding part is done you can find the output in the serial monitor.
● If you want to upload the data on Internet you can use a cloud service like
Thingspeak.
Circuit Diagram:
Output:
Future Scope:
1. Fire detection in forest could also be possible if we used temperature sensors
and humidity sensors along with the device which can also avoid wastage of
valuable trees.
2. A sub server unit can be used in between the transmitter unit and main receiver unit to
make the whole process take comparatively less time to alert the forest officer to take
preventive action.
3. The system can also be upgraded with low-power elements, higher versions of
Zigbee in order to make the system run for longer periods with increased efficiency.
References:
1. M Trinath Basu, Ragipati Karthik, “ IoT based forest fire detection system”

2. Internet of Things: A Hands-on Approach. VPT.

3.Fire Security System Author-Abhinav Kumar Sharma

4. Dr.V. Kepuska, Humaid Alshamsi,”Forest Fire Detection using IOT”,Volume - 5,IJST 2016.

5.Abhirup Khanna,Rishi Anand,”IoT based Forest Fire Detection ”,270,IEEE 2016.

6. Iot enabled forest fire detection and online monitoring system Author- Mirza Ataullah Baig,Md Faiz
Raza Ansari