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AMIR MUSADAD
Asam Basa
Donor H + Donor
hidroksida
Penerima Donor
pasangan elektron pasangan
elektron
Limited DEFINITIONS of
ACIDS AND BASES
# Arrhenius’ definition
Acidic compounds : any substance that forms H3O+ in
aqueous solution
e.g. HCl + H2O Cl - + H3O+
NaOH Na + + OH -
Limited DEFINITIONS of
ACIDS AND BASES
# Bronsted-Lowry’s definition
Acid : proton (H+) donors
- Lewis definition
Acid : electron acceptor
Base : electron donor
Factors affecting
the acidity strength
► HA (aq) + H2O ═══ H3O+ (aq) + A- (aq)
Ka makin besar
pKa makin kecil
The acidity strength
# The acidity strength of a compound
depends on its ability to donate a proton.
► HCl,
► HClO3
► HClO4,
► HBr,
► HI,
► HNO3,
► H2SO4(one proton only)
► Cl3COOH (trichloroacetic acid)
============================
Contoh senyawa asam lemah
pKa 1
• Asam sulfonat RSO2OH
pKa 5
• Asam karboksilat RCOOH
• Sulfonamida RSO2NH2
pKa 10
• Fenol Ar-OH
• Tiol R-SH
contoh gugus yg bersifat asam lemah :
• Karboksilat
O
- C- OH
• Sulfonat
O
- S- OH
O
Strong acids:
compound having Ka value of > 1
Having ability to donate its H+ of > 50%
===================
Weak acids:
Compounds having Ka value of << 1
Having ability to donate its H + of < 50%
Parameter kekuatan keasaman
[H3 O+ ][OAc- ] -5
Ka 1.8 x 10
[HOAc]
H = 2.1
F = 4.0 HF 7.2 x 10-4 1.9 0.29 0.101
O = 3.4 H2O 1.8 x 10-16 1.3 0.22 0.103
N = 2.9 NH3 1 x 10-33 0.8 0.14 0.107
C = 2.3 CH4 1 x 10-49 0.2 0.05 0.114
Acids Ka Hoac δH X-H Bond
(kJ/mol) Length (nm)
Solution of
1,0 M H3PO4 pH = 1.5
1,0 M H2PO4- pH = 4.4
1,0 M HPO42- pH = 9.3
1,0 M PO4 3- pH = 12.0
Compounds become less acidic and more
basic as the negative charge increases
Acidity: H3PO4 > H2PO4- > HPO42- > PO4 3-
Basicity: H3PO4 < H2PO4- < HPO42- < PO4 3-
[H3O+] [ A -]
Kc = -----------------
[HA] [ H2O ]
[H3O+] [ A -]
--------------- = Kc [ H2O ]
[HA]
[H3O+] [ A-]
--------------- = Ka
[HA]
Strong acids: Ka > 1
Weak acids: Ka << 1
Covalent Compounds In Aqueous Solution
Senyawa asam
+ Na2CO3
atau NaHCO3
CO2 + H2O
Senyawa asam
+ KIO3
+ KI
I2 + kanji
kuning biru
6 H+ + IO3 + 5 I- 3 I2 + 3 H2O
pKa asam benzoat monosubtitusi
Substituen orto meta para
-H 4,20 4,20 4,20
-NO2 2,17 3,45 3,44
-Cl 2,94 3,83 3,99
-OCH3 4,09 4,09 4,47
-CH3 3,91 4,24 4,34
-COOH 2,95 3,54 3,51
-OH 2,98 4,08 4,08
-NH2 4,98 4,79 4,92
pKa 5
• Asam karboksilat RCOOH
• Sulfonamida RSO2NH2
pKa 10
• Fenol Ar-OH
• Tiol R-SH
pKa 14
• Alkohol R-OH
• Sulfida R-S-R’
• Eter R-O-R’
• Ester R-COOR’
• Amida R-CONH2
• Karbonil R-COR’
pKb 5
• Amonia NH3
• Alkil amina R-NH2
Which one is the weakest acids
CH3 COOH
ClCH2COOH
Cl2CHCOOH
Which one is the strongest acid?