EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SURGICAL

STAINLESS STEEL OF PLATE BY USING CUTTING

FLUID AS PONGAMIA OIL
 ABSTRACT
• Stainless steel does not readily corrode, rust or stain with
water as ordinary steel does. However, it is not fully stain-
proof in low-oxygen, high-salinity, or poor air-circulation
environments.[2] There are different grades and surface
finishes of stainless steel to suit the environment the alloy
must endure
• Pongamia glabra, is common throughout Asia and thus has
many different names in different languages, many of which
have come to be used in English to describe the seed oil
derived from M. pinnata; Pongamia is often used as the
generic name for the tree and is derived from the genus the
tree was originally placed so pongamia oil used cutting
fluid with stainless steel drilling process
 KEYWORDS

1. pongamia Cutting fluids,

2. Mechanical properties,
3. effect
4. Hss tool
5. Carbide tool
6. stainless steel plate
 INTRODUCTION
Cutting fluids are used in metal machining for a
variety of reasons such as improving tool life,
reducing work piece thermal deformation, improving
surface finish and flushing away chips from the
cutting zone. In the 19th-century machining practice,
it was not uncommon to use plain water. This was a
simple practice used to keep the cutter tool cool,
regardless of whether or not it provided any
lubrication at the cutting edge-chip interface. When
one considers that high-speed steel (HSS AND CARBIDE) had not
been developed then, the need to cool the tool
becomes all the more apparent. (HSS AND CARBIDE retains its
hardness at high temperatures while other carbon
tool steels do not).
 An improvement was soda water,
which better inhibited the rusting of machine slides.
These options are generally not used today because
better options are available. Lard was very popular in
the past. It is used less often today, because of the
wide variety of other options, but it is still a fine
option.
• Old machine shop training textbooks speak of using
red lead and white lead, often mixed into lard or lard oil
This practice has become obsolete because lead
• is hazardous to health, and excellent non-lead-
containing options are now available.
From the mid-20th century to the 1990s, 1, 1, 1-
trichloroethane was used as an additive to make some
cutting fluids more effective. In shop-floor slang, it was
referred to as "one-one-one". It has been phased out
because of its ozone-depleting and CNS-depressing properties

Metal cutting operations involve generation of heat

due to friction between the tool and the workpiece
and due to the energy lost during the deformation of
the material. The surrounding air independently is a
rather poor coolant for the cutting tool, because the
rate of heat transfer is low.
 STAINLESS STEEL
• In metallurgy, stainless steel, also known as inox
steel or inox fromFrench "inoxydable", is a steel alloy with a minimum of
10.5%[1]chromium content by mass.
• Stainless steel does not readily corrode, rust or stain with water as
ordinary steel does. However, it is not fully stain-proof in low-oxygen, high-
salinity, or poor air-circulation environments.[2] There are different grades
and surface finishes of stainless steel to suit the environment the alloy
must endure. Stainless steel is used where both the properties of steel
and corrosion resistance are required.
• Stainless steel differs from carbon steel by the amount of chromium
present. Unprotected carbon steel rusts readily when exposed to air and
moisture. This iron oxide film (the rust) is active and accelerates corrosion
by forming more iron oxide; and, because of the greater volume of the
iron oxide, this tends to flake and fall away Stainless steels contain
sufficient chromium to form a passive film of chromium oxide, which
prevents further surface corrosion by blocking oxygen diffusion to the
steel surface and blocks corrosion from spreading into the metal's internal
structure.[3] Due to the similar size of the steel and oxide ions, they bond
very strongly and remain attached to the surface.[citation needed]
 PONGAMIA OIL
• Pongamia oil is derived from the seeds of the Millettia pinnata tree, which
is native to tropical and temperate Asia. Millettia pinnata, also known
as Pongamia pinnata or Pongamia glabra, is common throughout Asia and
thus has many different names in different languages, many of which have
come to be used in English to describe the seed oil derived from M.
pinnata; Pongamia is often used as the generic name for the tree and is
derived from the genus the tree was originally placed in.[1]
• Other English names for this oil include Honge oil (from Kannada), Kanuga
oil (from Telugu), Karanja oil (from Hindi), and Pungai oiL
• Pongamia oil is extracted from the seeds by expeller pressing, cold
pressing, or solvent extraction. The oil is yellowish-orange to brown in
color. It is toxic and will induce nausea and vomiting if eaten but it is used
in many traditional remedies. Pongamia oil is antiseptic and resistant to
pests
 HSS AND CARBIDE TOOL
• HSS and CARBIDE is usually supplied in the T condition with a tensile strength
of 850/1000 N/mm2.

• HSS and CARBIDET steel is a popular grade of through-hardening alloy steel

due to its excellent machinability in the "T" condition. HSS and CARBIDET is
used in components such as gears, shafts, studs and bolts, its hardness is in
the range 248/302 HB. HSS and CARBIDET can be further surface-hardened to
create components with enhanced wear resistance by induction or nitriding
processing

817M40T - HSS and CARBIDET steel is a high tensile alloy steel renown for
its wear resistance properties and also where high strength properties are
required. HSS and CARBIDET is used in components subject to high stress
and with a large cross section. This can include aircraft, automotive and
general engineering applications for example propeller or gear shafts,
connecting rods, aircraft landing gear components
HSS TOOL IMAGE
CARBITE TOOL IMAGE
 HSS TOOL CUTTING FLUIDS TEST
TEMPERATU
RE
SPEED
SPECIMEN MATERIALS CUTTING CUTTING SPEED AFTER
TOOL FLUID TURNING
(RPM) (RPM)

1 STAINLESS HSS WATER

STEEL PLATE
2 STAINLESS HSS DRY
STEEL PLATE CUTTING
3 STAINLESS HSS PONGAMIA
STEEL PLATE OIL
 CARBIDE TOOL CUTTING FLUIDS TEST
SPECIMEN MATERIALS CUTTING CUTTING SPEED TEMPERATU
TOOL FLUID (RPM) RE
AFTER
TURNING
(RPM)

1 STAINLESS CARBIDE WATER

STEEL PLATE
2 STAINLESS CARBIDE DRY
STEELPLATE CUTTING

3 STAINLESS CARBIDE PONGAMIA

STEELPLATE OIL
 ADVANTAGES OF USING CUTTING
FLUIDS
• Cools the work surface and tool
• Lubricates the interface between the work surface
and tool
• Flushes away some dust chippings, and swarf
• Reduces tendency for chip adhesion/pressure
welding to tool tip
• May improve resulting surface finish
• May increase tool life (see below)
• Allows higher cutting speeds
 DISADVANTAGES IN USING CUTTING
FLUIDS

• For certain Machine tools- A costly engineering system is

required for applying the fluid
• The fluid used has to be prepared and after use, filtered for
re-use of disposed
• Some fluids have a health risk if not used correctly causing
problems such as dermititus
• Some cutting materials are affected by thermal shock e.g.
cemented carbides. Use of cutting fluids should be avoided
for these materials
 APPLICATION

All machining process

 REFERENCES
• 1. Adegbuyi P.A.O. (2003) “Indigenous Oil as
• cutting fluid” Engineering and Technology
• Research journal, volume 1 no 1,page 15-25,
• Faculty of Engineering, Technology andEnvironmental Sciences,
Lagos State
• University, Lagos, Nigeria

2. El Baradie M. A., (1996) “Cutting fluids part

1: Journal on characterisation of material
processing technology” page 786-787
• 3. Radoslav Raki A., Zlata Raki B. (2002) “The
influence of the metal working fluids on
machine tool failures” volume 252 no 5-6:
page 438-444
• 4. Srikant R.R. (2001): Department of industrial
production, college of engineering, Gitam,
Visakhapatnan, India.
• 5. Greeley M. H., Devor R.E, Kapoor S. G.,
Rajagopalan N (2004).. “The influence of
• fluid management policy and operational
changes on metal working fluid functionality.
Journal on manufacturing science
• engineering. volume 126.
THANK YOU