Group 1

Phạm Quân Bảo

Trần Bảo Ngọc
Nguyễn Ngọc Ý Nhi
 Chapter 13:
Adjective Clauses
 13 -10 PUNCTUATING ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
• No commas are used. The
adjectiveclause is necessary to idenfity
which professor is meant.
• Commas are used . The adjective clause
is not necessary to idenfity Professor
Wilson. We already know who he is; he
has a name, additional information.
• Use commas, as in (b), (c) and (d), if
an adjective clause modifies a proper
noun ( begin with a capital letter). A
comma reflects a pause in speech.
• If no commas are used, any possible
pronouns may be used in the adjective
clause. Objective pronouns may be
omitted
• When commas are necessary , the
pronouns that may not be used and
object pronouns cannot omitted.
• The use of commas means that of the
childrent want to play soccer and of
the children ran to an open field. The
adjective clause is used only to give
additional information about the
children.
• The lack of commas means that only
some of the children wanted to play
soccer. The adjective clause is used to
identify which children ran to the open
field.
1. The professor who teaches
Chemistry 101 is an excellent
lecturer.
2. Professor Wilson , who teaches
Chemistry202, is an excellent
lecturer.
3. Hawaii, which consists of eight
principal islands, is à favorite
vacation spot.
4. Mrs. Smith, who is a retired
teacher, does volunteer work at
hospitál.
5. The man { who(m), that , 0 } I met
teaches chemistry.
6. Mrr. Lee, whom I met yesterday,
teaches chemistry
7. We took some children on a picnic.
The children, who wanted to play
soccer, ran to an open field as soon
as we arrived at the park.
8. We took some children on a picnic.
The children who wanted to play
soccer ran to an open field as soon
as we arrived at the park. The
others played a different game.
 Exercise 21
1. Only people who speak russian should
apply for the job.
 No commas, “ who “ can be changed to
“ That “.
2. Matthew who speaks Russian applied for
the job
=> Matthew, who speaks Russian applied
for the job “ Who “ can’t be changed
to that.
 Exercise 22
1. There was a terrible flood. The villagers who had received a
warning of the impending flood escaped to safety.
A. “ Only some “ of the villagers had been warned only some
escaped.
B. All off the villages ha been warned, all escaped.
 A
2. There was terrible flood. The villagers, who had received a warning
of the impending flood, escaped to safety.
A. “ Only some “ of the villagers had been warned; only some
escaped.
B. “ All of “ the villagers had been warned, all escaped.
=> B
 13 - 8 Using WHEN in adjective clause
– WHEN is used is an • I’ll never forget the day.
adjective clause to I met you then ( on that
moldify a noun of time ( day ).
year, day, time, century, 1. I’ll never forget the day
etc… ) when I met you.
– A preposition is used 2. I’ll never forget the day
preceding WHICH on which I met you.
Otherwise, the 3. I’ll never forget the day
preposition is omitted. that I met you.
– When = in/on which 4. I’ll never forget the day 0
I met you.
 Ex15
1. July is the month. The weather is usually the hottest
then ( in that month ).
 July is the month when / on which the weather is
usually the hottest.
 July is the month that/0 the weather is usually the
hottest (on)

2. 1960 is the year. The revolution took place then ( in that

year ).
 1960 is the year when/ on which the revolution.
 1960 is the year that/ 0 the revolution take place.
 13 - 7 Using Where in adjective clause
• Where is used in an adjective clause to modifity a place (
city, country, room, house, etc… )
• If where is used, a prepositon is NOT included in the
adjective clause, as is (a). If where is not used, the
preposition must be included, as in (b).
• Where = in/at which
 The building is very old. He lives there ( in that
building)
a. The building where he lives is very old.
b The building in which he lives is very old.
The building which he lives in is very old.
The building that he lives in is very old.
The building 0 he lives in is very old.
 Exercise 14
1. The city was beautiful. We spend our vacation there ( in
that city )
=> The city where/ in which we spend our vacation was
beautiful.
 The city which/ that / 0 we spend our vacation in was
beautiful.
2. That is the drawer. I keep my jewwelry there ( in that
drawer ).
 That is the drawer where/ in which. I keep my
jewelry.
 That is the drawer which/ that/ 0. I keep my jewelry.
 13 – 6 USING WHOSE
• Whose is used to show
possestion, Whose MUST
connect to a noun.
• Both WHOSE and the noun
are placed at the beginning of
the adjective clause.
• WHOSE cannot be omitted
• WHOSE usually modifies
people, but in may also be used
to modify things, as in.
• * Example :
• I know the man. His bicycle
was stolen
 I know the man whose
bicycle was stolen.
. The student writes well. I read
her composition.
 The student whose
composition I read writes well
. Mr Catt has a painting. Its value
is inestimable.
 Mr Catt has a painting whose
value is inestimable
 Exercise 10
1. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her
coffee.
• => I apologized to the woman whose
coffee I spilled
2. I met the woman. Her husband is the
president of the corparation.
• => I met the woman. Whose husband
is the president of the corparation
13 – 9 Using Adjective Clause To Modify
Pronouns
• Adjective clause can modify indefinite pronouns.
Objective pronouns are usually omitted in the adjective clause.
1=> The is someone (whom) I want to meet.
2=> Everything he said was pure nonsense.
3=> Anybody who wants to come is welcome.
• Adjective clause can modify the one(s) and those*.
1. Paula was the only one I knew at the party.
2. Scholarships are available for those who need finacial assistance.
• Adjective clause are almost never used to modify personal
pronouns. Native English speakers would not write the sentence
in (f) , (g) is possible but very formal and uncommon. (h) is a
well-known saving in which he is used as an indefinite
pronoun
1. INCORRECT: I who am a student at this school come from a
country in Asia.
2. It is I who am responsible.
3. He who laughs last laughs best.
• * An adjective clause with which can be also be used to
modify the demonstrative pronouns that.
 Exercise 19
1. I have a question. There is something…
 That is troubling me
2. I know someone…
 Who can help you
3. What was Mrs. Word talking about I
didn’t understand anything…
=> She said
 13- 12 USING NOUN + OF WHICH
• An adjective clause • We have an
may include a noun + antique table. The
of which. This pattern
carries the meaning top of it has jade
of whose inlay
• This pattern is used in • (a) We have an
an adjective clause
that modifies a thing
antique table, the
and occurs primarily top of which has
in formal written jade inlay.
English. A comma is
used
 Exercise 26
1. They own an original Picasso painting. The value
of the painting is more than a million dollars.
 They own an original Picasso painting , the
value of which is more than a million dollars.
2. I bought a magazine. The title of the magazine is
Contemporaty Architecrual Styles.
=> I bought a magazine, the title of which is
Contemporaty Architecrual Styles.
 The End
Thank you for your
listening.