TYPES OF CRANES

PRESENTED BY

SAYANTAN DAS

ROLL NO : 1854003
 INTRODUCTION

• A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves
, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally.
It uses one or more simple to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the no
rmal capability of a human.

Main Basic Lifting Parts Of The Crane:

• Lever
• Pulley
• Hydraulic cylinder

• A balance crane contains a horizontal beam (the lever) pivoted about a point called the fulcrum.
A jib crane contains a tilted strut (the jib) that supports a fixed pulley block. Cables are wrapped
multiple times round the fixed block and round another block attached to the load.
For stability, the sum of all moments about any point such as the base of the crane must equate
to zero.
 TYPES OF CRANE
On the basis of modern crane study and advancement there are two basic types of cranes:-
A). Fixed crane
B) Mobile or movable crane
A fixed crane is the type of crane which lift the loads without any appreciable movement.
A mobile crane is the type of crane which moves from one place to another as well as movement of the crane basic too
ls.
FIXED CRANE:
• Tower crane
• Hammerhead crane
• Self erecting crane
• Gantry crane
• Overhead crane
• Dec crane
• Jib crane
• Bulk-handling crane

MOBILE CRANE:
• Truck mounted crane
• Side lift crane
• Rough terrain crane
• All terrain crane
• Crawler crane
• Railroad crane
• Floating crane
• Aerial crane
 DERRICK CRANE
Derrick crane is widely used as stable lifting machine for mining. This machine is used for w
eight lifting from the bottom of the mine and as stone weight lifting. It can be also used fo
r hoisting and swinging the load horizontally. Consist of Derrick, Arm, Hook and the Crane.
Mechanism, gear train, wire rope drum, hand brake are some technical parameters. Derrick c
rane is type of fixed lifting equipment. It gets fixed where work to be done, long tower is o
ne of main features of derrick machine. This machine is used for moving the particular thing
from an initial point to signed place. It has four towers; the tower focal point is on the bas
e of crane. Towers connect on three points, which make it movable freely.Fourth point of to
wer helps for up or down moving. It also consists of wire rope and hook.
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE
Derrick crane is used for hoisting and swinging the
load horizontally. A derrick crane is a slewing strut-
boom crane. Boom pivoted on the base of a mast.
It is guyed or held by backstays.
The derrick crane consists of three main parts:
The Base part
Boom Point
Hook
It can be used for hoisting and swinging the load
horizontally. A derrick crane is a slewing strut-boo
m crane. Boom pivoted on the base of a mast. It is
guyed or held by backstays.
The base part of derrick crane is consisting of Outri
gger, Slewing platform, Winding drum.

The Boom rotates on 360 degree angle; this boom

consists of latticed boom, boom point and upper s
heave.
From the upper shave, a hook is lending parlor to
boom point. This hook has a lower shave at the bo
ttom part.
Maximum capacity, hook travel, jib extension, weig
ht lifting, speed, horse powers are main technical a
nd performance parameters.
A derrick crane is a specific style of lifting machine. It is usually a fixed crane, meaning it is assembled
and disassembled in the location where it is used, although there are some very small mobile styles. G
enerally, the crane is characterized by its long, fixed length tower. These cranes are typically used in loc
ations where items need to be moved from a common initial point to single nearby location, like on sh
ipping platforms and construction sites.

This crane is composed of a tower that pivots at the base, but is unable to actually bend. The tower is
generally made up of a web work of steel pipes and braces, creating a lot of strength but relatively littl
e actual substance. The tower is connected to four lines — these lines work independently of one anot
her, allowing the crane tower to move freely in any direction. A single fifth line hangs over the end of t
he tower and has a hook on the end. This line moves up and down and hooks onto items.

Since the hook can go up and down freely, the only limit on the crane is its amount of line. As a result,
a derrick crane is often used to raise and lower items in a high location, like on high rise buildings. Oft
en, during the end phase of construction, a crane is brought to the top of the building and assembled
on the roof. The derrick then lowers the equipment to the ground, after which it is disassembled and b
rought down as well.
 APPLICATIONS

• Framework supporting a drilling apparatus in an oil rig

• Derrick supported by inner suspension and inner backstay group towe
r is a construction technique commonly used in the construction of ov
erhead transmission lines
• on board General cargo ships
 FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION

FACTORS AFFECTING CRANE SELECTION

Many factors need to be carefully considered when selecting cranes in construction industry and ar
e extracted during the knowledge acquisition stage of the system. The factors are summarized belo
w as technical factors, contractual factors and economical factors.

Technical Factors Site constraints Site topography Supportive terrain Terrain condition
Site lay out and operation criteria Shape of the building Weight and size of the material, a
nd Crane capabilities

Contractual Factors Method of operations Construction schedule, and Building structure a

nd method of construction.

Economical factors Size and number of cranes Cranes availability Running cost, and Dis
mantling method
 PRODUCTION CAPACITY
DERRICK CRANE MDC 6000-21
Crane capacity: 600 tons
The big advantage of the incremental launching is the possibility to have preassembly of full section of t
he viaduct at the ground level.
The possibility to have a well-organized ground assembly allow a reduction in time, compared with an a
lternative method of about 6 months.
Crane components:
• Boom 29 m length
• 2 hydraulic winches 16 tons pull capacity and 2200 m rope length for main lifting
• 52 pulley for sheave block for lifting
• 2 hydraulic winches 16 tons pull capacity and 580 m rope length for luffing

• 52 pulley for sheave block for luffing

• 1 hydraulic winches 16 tons capacity and 580 m rope length for jib

• 3 pulley for sheave block for jib

• Spherical rolling thrust bearings type SKF 293 or equivalent for crane rotation
• Slewing drive type Brevini RPR8000C m=22 – z=12 or equivalent for crane rotation
(hydraulic motor h2V-226 + breack860).

DERRICK CRANE MGD2000-25:

Crane capacity: 200 tons at 25 m.
Crane components:
• Boom 30/36 m length
• 1 hydraulic winches 16 tons pull capacity and 1650 m rope length for the main lifting

• 8 pulley for sheave block + 9 pulley with rolling bearings for lifting
• 1 hydraulic winches 16 tons pull capacity and 580 m rope length for luffing

• 25 pulley with rolling bearings for luffing.

 COMPANY PRODUCED

• LIEBHERR
• ZOOMLION
• CIMOLAI TECHNOLOGY
• TIGERCAT
• PELLEGRINI MECCANICA
 TOWER CRANE
Tower cranes are used during the construction of tall buildings/skyscrapers and are co
nsidered to be the tallest types of cranes. Some tower cranes can reach up to 256 feet
and outwards of 230 feet. The cranes are fixed to the ground by mounting a strong co
ncrete pad, so anchor bolts can be embedded into the pad. While being secured, this
allows the crane to balance when lifting heavy loads. These cranes are also often asse
mbled and affixed inside the building itself during construction.

All tower cranes consist of the same basic parts:

The base is bolted to a large concrete pad that supports the crane.
The base connects to the mast (or tower), which gives the tower crane its height.
Attached to the top of the mast is the slewing unit -- the gear and motor -- that allo
ws the crane to rotate:
On top of the slewing unit are three parts:
The long horizontal jib (or working arm), which is the portion of the crane that carries
the load. A trolley runs along the jib to move the load in and out from the crane's cent
er:
The shorter horizontal machinery arm, which contains the crane's motors and electron
ics as well as the large concrete counter weights:
The operator's cab:
The machinery arm contains the motor that lifts the load, along with the control electr
onics that drive it and the cable drum, as shown here:
The motors that drive the slewing unit are located above the unit's large gear
A typical tower crane has the following specifications:
Maximum unsupported height - 265 feet (80 meters) The crane can have a total heig
ht much greater than 265 feet if it is tied into the building as the building rises around
the crane.
Maximum reach - 230 feet (70 meters)
Maximum lifting power - 19.8 tons (18 metric tons), 300 tonne-meters (metric ton = t
onne)
Counterweights - 20 tons (16.3 metric tons)
The maximum load that the crane can lift is 18 metric tons (39,690 pounds), but the cr
ane cannot lift that much weight if the load is positioned at the end of the jib. The clo
ser the load is positioned to the mast, the more weight the crane can lift safely. The 3
00 tonne-meter rating tells you the relationship. For example, if the operator positions
the load 30 meters (100 feet) from the mast, the crane can lift a maximum of 10.1 ton
nes.
The crane uses two limit switches to make sure that the operator does not overload t
he crane:
The maximum load switch monitors the pull on the cable and makes sure that the loa
d does not exceed 18 tonnes.
The load moment switch makes sure that the operator does not exceed the tonne-me
ter rating of the crane as the load moves out on the jib. A cat head assembly in the sl
ewing unit can measure the amount of collapse in the jib and sense when an overload
condition occurs.
Now, it would be a pretty big problem if one of these things fell over on a job site. Let
's find out what keeps these massive structures standing upright.
How Do They Grow?

Tower cranes arrive at the construction site on 10 to 12 tractor-trailer rigs. The crew us
es a mobile crane to assemble the jib and the machinery section, and places these ho
rizontal members on a 40-foot (12-m) mast that consists of two mast sections. The mo
bile crane then adds the counterweights.
The mast rises from this firm foundation. The mast is a large, triangulated lattice struc
ture, typically 10 feet (3.2 meters) square. The triangulated structure gives the mast the
strength to remain upright.
To rise to its maximum height, the crane grows itself one mast section at a time. The c
rew uses a top climber or climbing frame that fits between the slewing unit and the t
op of the mast. Here's the process:
The crew hangs a weight on the jib to balance the counterweight.
The crew detaches the slewing unit from the top of the mast. Large hydraulic rams in t
he top climber push the slewing unit up 20 feet (6 m).
The crane operator uses the crane to lift another 20-foot mast section into the gap op
ened by the climbing frame. Once bolted in place, the crane is 20 feet taller!
Once the building is finished and it is time for the crane to come down, the process is
reversed -- the crane disassembles its own mast and then smaller cranes disassemble t
he rest.
 APPLICATIONS
Tower cranes are mostly used in high rise construct to facilitate fast lifting capacity. It's used in tall b
uildings. It's fixed to a concerted slab, and it's rotating arms provide enough flexibility to transport m
aterial to height and navigate at that height
The construction crew uses the tower crane to lift steel, concrete, large tools like acetylene torches an
d generators, and a wide variety of other building materials.
 FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION

To know the productivity of tower crane in the observed project is to record the loadin
g and unloading time of the material by tower crane and calculate the total cycle time
on the material removal process by the tower crane. From the data will be calculated t
o know the productivity of tower crane with clock unit.

Productivity = Output / Input

Productivity in a construction project is the work of a tools per unit of time in which th
e tower crane productivity unit depends on the work performed. the calculation of tow
er crane productivity is strongly influenced by the cycle time generated by the device
where the cycle time is the time required tower crane to perform a single turn consisti
ng of vertical movement (hoist), horizontal (trolley), and rotating (swing), where the thi
rd this main movement consists of six stages of work that is binding material, lifting, r
otating, lowering and removing the material until back again to the location of the ma
terial supply (Varma, 1979).

Cycle times include fixed time, and variable time. Fixed time includes time binding and
removal of material depending on the type of material being removed, for each job ha
ving different fixed time such as the time to tie the reinforcement different from the ti
me to bind the formwork. While the time dependent variable on tower crane mileage i
s the time of vertical travel depends on lift height, the time of the rotation depends on
the rotation angle, and the horizontal time depends on the distance of the destination
point of the material source.
PRODUCTION CAPACITY
 COMPANY PRODUCED

Manitowoc
Liebherr
WOLFFKRAN
Terex
FAVCO
HKTC
Zoomlion
SCM
Fushun Yongmao
ZHEJIANG CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
XCMG
HENG SHENG
DAHAN
FANGYUAN GROUP
Jianglu Machinery&Electronics
Huaxia
SYS
Guangxi Construction
 MOBILE CRANE
A mobile crane is a cable-controlled crane mounted on crawlers or rubber-tired carriers o
r a hydraulic-powered crane with a telescoping boom mounted on truck-type carriers or a
s self-propelled models. They are designed to easily transport to a site and use with differ
ent types of load and cargo with little or no setup or assembly.
These types of cranes are mounted on a rubber tire truck and provide excellent mobility.
The outriggers will extend vertically or horizontally and are used to stabilize and level the
crane when it is hoisting a load of materials
This is the most basic type of crane and consists of a steel truss or telescopic boom mou
nted on some kind of mobile platform. This platform could be wheeled, a rail or even a c
at truck. The boom is hinged at the bottom and can be raised or lowered by cables or hy
draulic cylinders.
The most basic type of mobile crane consists of a truss or telescopic boom mounted on
a mobile platform. They are equipped with chains, wire ropes, drums and control panels.
These types of cranes have many advantages such as flexibility and ability to access small
er areas and sites with limited space for entrance.
These types of cranes are mounted on a rubber tire truck and provide excellent mobility.
The outriggers will extend vertically or horizontally and are used to stabilize and level the
crane when it is hoisting a load of materials.
Mobile cranes are the most basic type of crane and are mounted on a mobile platform. M
obile cranes can be just a telescopic boom on a platform, or they can be a full sized cran
e. These cranes functions are to lift heavy objects, with the flexibility to access sites that
may be difficult for other types of cranes to access. They are equipped with a wire rope d
rum, chains and a control panel.
 APPLICATIONS
A mobile crane can be a very simple machine with just a telescopic boom on its platfor
m, or a full sized crane equipped with various attachments. The standard cranes are mach
ines used for lifting big and heavy sized objects. They are equipped with chains, wire rop
es, drums and control panels. Because different applications require different types of cra
nes, the market offers various cranes, from small and truck mounted to hydraulic, jib, sle
w, small, large and mobile crane.
For example, there are many lifting operations where using a static crane wouldn’t be pra
ctical. There is a wide range of urban situations where the layout of the streets and buildi
ngs prevents a static crane from being set up for special lifts, such as statue raising or in
door lifts. In such cases, a mobile crane is the best possible solution. The biggest advanta
ge of the mobile crane is its flexibility and ability to access smaller areas and sites with li
mited space for entrance. But, the mobile crane offers more than just an easy entrance. R
ead on to find out what are the most important benefits provided by the mobile crane.
Doesn’t Require A Lot Of Space – Usually the construction sites are large enough for th
e heavy equipment that’s being used to move easily. But, when construction takes place i
n urban areas, the job site is small and tight. For example, in such areas, using the tower
crane for the construction of tall buildings, is almost impossible because this crane type
demands space. The mobile crane on the other hand, needs just a part of the working ar
ea to successfully perform the lifting tasks.
Tough Enough To Handle Various Lifting Tasks – Although the mobile crane is significa
ntly smaller when compared to other crane types, it is capable and powerful enough to li
ft heavy objects like the tower crane. With its multiple axles and advanced hydraulic pow
er, the mobile crane can still lift heavy objects and materials to great heights. Therefore,
with the mobile crane, the power is not an issue when it comes to lifting and moving obj
ects at the construction site.
Faster Set Up – Do you know what is required for the erection a tower crane? Definitely
more than what is needed to install a mobile crane. The time required for installing a mo
bile crane on a construction site is very short. These types of cranes need just a little spa
ce to be stabilized. This means that work can be completed much faster.
FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION CAPACITY
 COMPANY PRODUCED

• XCMG
• SANY
• Metso
• SOILMEC
• CIMOLAI TECHNOLOGY
• HIAB
 TELESCOPIC GANTRY CRANE
Gantry cranes provide economical material handling in areas where an overhead crane
system is not available or practical. Their safety and efficiency make them a frequent c
hoice for production, installation and maintenance applications. They are often used in
maintenance shops, machine shops and loading areas.

The model 431 telescopic gantry provides an adjustable mechanism for raising and lo
wering the beam to suit specific clearance requirements.
The beam is raised and lowered by ratchet lever chain hoists attached to each leg. Loc
king pins are inserted in the legs at the desired height to provide a safe means of load
support.
The ratchet lever chain hoists are provided as standard equipment with all Bushman Eq
uipment, Inc. telescopic gantry cranes. Telescopic gantry cranes are available with capa
cities up to five tons, spans to 30 feet and maximum under boom heights to 18 feet.
The Vestil Adjustable Height Steel Gantry Crane is designed for transporting and positi
oning materials.
 FLOATING CRANE

A floating crane is a ship with a crane specialized in lifting heavy loads. The lar
gest crane vessels are used for offshore construction. Conventional monohulls ar
e used, but the largest crane vessels are often catamaran or semi-submersible ty
pes as they have increased stability. On a sheerleg crane, the crane is fixed and
cannot rotate, and the vessel therefore is manoeuvered to place loads.
A buoyant barge is composed of three systems: a ballast system to control buoy
ancy force, a mooring system to tie up the barge on a stem and an anchoring s
ystem to be berthed on a stern. The crane is made up of main hooks and jib bo
oms. The hooks have been used for raising or lowering a load vertically, which is
called a hoisting motion. The jib booms have been used for changing outreach,
which is called a luffing motion. A hoisting motion is performed by winding and
unwinding wire ropes installed on winches of individual main hook which enable
s a load lifted and unloaded. A driving mechanism of a luffing motion is similar
to a hoisting motion. Namely, a luffing motion is performed by winding and un
winding wire ropes installed on winches of jib booms which enable the outreach
lengthen and shorten.
 APPLICATIONS
They are used for handling cargo, but more especially for dredging operations, in whic
h case they are equipped with buckets.

ADVANTAGES

They are compared with heavy duty cranes on shore, floating cranes have the advanta
ge of flexibility; for they can be towed to ships or terminals any where about the port.
An important advantage is that, while the heavy lifts are being loaded or unloaded, ot
her cargo can be loaded or unloaded through other hatches. Otherwise the ship would
have to be shifted to another point such as a ship yard, where a heavy duty shore cran
e could be used. Heavy lifts are handled into and out of vessels more economically an
d rapidly by heavy-duty floating cranes than by any other means.
Fully equipped floating cranes. with a lifting capacity ranging from 30 to 300 tonnes, o
ffer varied solutions. They may be used to complete high standard harbour projects or
to carry out loading, unloading transhippmg assignments, heavy load transportation a
nd lifting or replacing anchors. To ensure immediate intervention, wherever that may b
e needed (marine accidents, vessels, groundings etc.), all vessels are available on a 24-
hour basis.

FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION

A floating crane is operating on offshore and is affected by environment conditions, su

ch as wind, wave current and gust.
Korean shipbuilders STX Offshore & Shipbuilding.

Main characteristics
Provisional name: Rambiz II
Type: Self-propelled crane ship
Principal: SCALDIS Salvage & Marine Contractors N.V.
Shipyard: STX Offshore & Shipbuilding (S. Korea)
Length: 108.00 m
Beam: 50.90 m
Depth: 8.00 m
Draught: 4.90 m
Speed: 7 knots
Hoisting capacity: 4,000 Ton
Total installed capacity: 10,450 kW
Accommodation: 78 people
Special feature: DP2

Installation of offshore infrastructure and decommissioning activities in deep water for the oil and gas i
ndustry and the installation of offshore wind farms. Otherwise, the ship can also be used for any type o
f heavy lifting work in challenging situations, such as the construction of bridge components and cleari
ng shipwrecks.
.A few specific characteristics make this new crane ship unique in its field. It has two Huisman cranes ea
ch with a lifting capacity of 2,000 tons, based on a design by Vuyk Engineering Rotterdam. The ship als
o has extra carrying capacity of 3,000 tons. The cranes can be moved by 25 m on the ship. This allows
the deck to be used to transport and then relocate cargo at a later stage.
The ship and the cranes are an integrated design which allows the maximum load to be hoisted in sign
ificant wave heights of up to 1.5 m. In these circumstances, the freeboard is not less than 3 m anywher
e on the vessel. In standby or transport modes, significant wave height can be as much as 7.0 m. It is a
lso worth noting that the maximum load can be lifted in water depths of just 5.0 m.
The four azimuth thrusters and the DP2 system allow installation work to be conducted in deeper wate
r without the use of anchors. This guarantees flexibility and efficiency and also means that work can be
carried out in zones where many pipelines and cables already lie on the bed, for example. The crane sh
ip is also equipped with 4 main working anchors and winches and 4 secondary devices.
The powerful and rapid ballast system can follow the hoisting operation exactly, allowing jobs to be co
mpleted quickly and continuously
 COMPANY PRODUCED

• LIEBHERR
• HUISMAN
• KONECRANES
• etc
 SELF ERECTING CRANE
Specification:-Lifting Capacity: max 6t to 8t
Working Radius: 45m
Use: It is mainly used on construction – site to transport the material from one pla
ce to other place.
 HAMMERHEAD CRANE
The "hammerhead", or giant cantilever, crane is a fixed-jib crane consisting of a steel-braced tower
on which revolves a large, horizontal, double cantilever; the forward part of this cantilever or jib car
ries the lifting trolley, the jib is extended backwards in order to form a support for the machinery a
nd counter- balancing weight.
Specifications:-
Lifting capacity –max 350tons
Working radius-up to 70m
Use: Ship-yard work including construction of ship and heavy duty building construction.
 GANTRY CRANE
This type of crane is similar to the bridge crane except that it runs on a runway at the
floor level. The bridge is supported by a pair of rigid steel legs which are carried by a
pair of end trucks along the floor level runway.
Specifications:-
Lifting Capacity: 5 tones to 10 tones
Working Radius: 23 m
Use:In the construction of Bridge superstructure for lifting heavy girder.
In Ship manufacturing industry ,for lifting heavy parts of ships.
 OVERHEAD CRANE
Overhead Crane can build top running cranes, under running cranes, double girder cranes, and singl
e girder cranes ranging from:
Capacities - 1/4 ton through 100 tons
Spans - 5' through 125„
Use: The most common overhead crane use is in the steel industry.
 JIB CRANE
This type of crane consists of a pivoting head and boom assembly which carries a
hoist and trolley unit.
Lifting Capacity: 1 to 300 tones
Working Radius: 70m
Use: Jib crane used in ship yards for lifting heavy machinery and equipment, weig
hing 100 to 300 tons.
 BULK HANDLING CRANE
Bulk-handling cranes are designed from the outset to carry a shell grab or bucket, rather than using
a hook and a sling. They are used for bulk cargoes, such as coal, minerals, scrap metal etc.
Lifting capacity: 120 tones
Working Radius: 56m
 TRUCK MOUNTED CRANE
It is the cranes mounted on a rubber tire truck will provide great mobility.
Lifting capacity: 20 to 30 tones
Working Radius: 15m to 20m
Use: It is used for the loading and unloading of motor vehicle rolling stock, for carg
oes primarily of a heavy and single-item nature,and also for construction and repair
work.
 ROUGH TERRAIN CRANE
Rough terrain crane is a crane mounted on an undercarriage with four rubber tires that is d
esigned for pick-and-carry operations and for off-road and "rough terrain" applications.
Lifting capacity:200 tons at 3m working radius
The rough terrain crane is used for building bridges, operations in power and chemical plan
ts and refineries and for large- scale projects.
 ALL TERRAIN CRANE
A mobile crane with the necessary equipment to travel at speed on public roads, a
nd on rough terrain at the job site using all-wheel and crab steering. AT„s combine th
e road ability of Truck-mounted Cranes and the maneuverability of Rough Terrain Cra
nes.
Lifting capacity: up to 300 tons
Working radius: 34m
Our all-terrain mobile cranes are excellent for use in places where ground is uneve
n or not very accessible like a beach or a rocky expanse.
 CRAWLER CRANE
A crawler crane is a crane mounted on an undercarriage with a set of tracks (also called crawlers) tha
t provide stability and mobility.
Lifting capacity from about 35 to 40 tones
This particular asset class is ideal for working in confined or small area where a big crane can not rea
ch.
Crawler crane command their position at many of power plants, thermal plants and at big infra proje
cts.
These crane are well suited for piling, drilling and pipe laying operation by just adding suitable attac
hment.
 RAILROAD CRANE
Rail road crane is one of the mobile crane type. The name tells us that this crane
runs on rail tracks.
A railroad crane is specifically designed with flanged wheels so it can travel along
railroad tracks. Although the design differs according to the type of work, the basic
configuration is the same in all cases which is a rotating crane body is mounted on
a sturdy chassis fitted with flanged wheels.
Uses:
1.For lifting the goods at station yards.
2. It may be used for installing signalling equipment or pointwork, for example,
while more specialised types are used for track laying.
 TELESCOPIC CRANE
Telescopic cranes are another form of heavy cranes employed to transport and maneuver objects from on
e place to another. Cranes like the telescopic cranes are often used in day-to-day hauling operations but i
t has also to be noted that these heavy cranes are very important when it comes to carrying out maneuv
ering operations in ports as well.
Telescopic cranes are mobile in the sense that they transport goods and items in a flexible manner. Also s
ince telescopic cranes are further equipped with height adjustments, when it comes to hauling and transf
erring the goods from one place to another, the problems related to height are completely eradicated.
In terms of ports, telescopic cranes offer one of the best servicing possible. This is because a port is a pla
ce that perpetually bustles with activity. Cargo embarking and disembarking is something that takes place
in any port without a second’s pause. This being the case and given the disadvantages of several other ty
pes of heavy cranes, telescopic cranes offer premium support to the smooth functioning of the duties in
a port.
Heavy cranes like telescopic cranes can be mounted atop a truck and then can be driven to those places
where goods and cargo need to be shifted. In any port, one can find many of such telescopic cranes whic
h enable the easy mobility and transfer of cargo to the right containers, thereby providing utility in the be
st way possible. The main difference between a telescopic crane and other conventional cranes is that the
former has a hollow boom which contains several tubes fitted one side the other. A hydraulic mechanism
enables the elongating and refracting motion of the beam.
Considering today’s fast paced development, it is but natural that cranes have started to be used extensiv
ely. But in terms of the shipping industry and transportation of goods and cargo via the medium of ships,
cranes have always been the primary technology used. This is because when it comes to hauling goods a
nd transferring cargo from one area in a port to another, it is very difficult to use simple luggage racks, fo
r the quantity and weight of the cargo at ports is quite heavy and thus requires help of such telescopic cr
anes to carry out the procedure of cargo transfer.
Telescopic cranes are very frequently used in ports because of the ease in mobility t
hat they present and the height adjusting feasibility that they offer. They give flexibili
ty a new name and also provide exceptional service at the same time. As heavy cran
es, telescopic cranes are very popular and are highly demanded and easily visible in
most of the ports across the world.
Heavy cranes are highly important equipments. And of all the variants of heavy cran
es, telescopic cranes are unique because they not only offer utility but also mobility
side-by-side. By acknowledging the contribution of telescopic cranes as one of the b
est devised gadgets to aid cargo transfer in today’s times, it is like giving these heav
y cranes their rightful due of appreciation and credit.
 CRANE SAFETY

• Periodically read the manual and review the rules.

• Examine the load chain for damage or twists, or the wire rope for kinks or frayi
ng.
• Check the hook. If it's out of shape, don't use it. This may indicate internal dam
age.
• Avoid shock loads. Don't run the hook with a slack chain. Bring the chain or wir
e to a taut position before lifting.
• To avoid damage to the hoist, the rope or chain should always be in a straight
line from hoist to hook.
• Avoid snagging a load while lifting.
• Avoid jogging a load.
• When using a wire rope hoist, check the wire on the drum. Don't let it get out
of the grooves and pile upon itself.
• Side pulls with a wire rope hoist may fray the rope and make it unsafe and/or
damage the hoist.
• Never leave a suspended load unattended. That load is your responsibility.
• Never carry a load over another person...or get under a load yourself.
• Never lift people with a hoist.
• When moving a load, look where you are going. Push, don't pull.
 CONCLUSION

• A crane is heavy mechanical equipment, which is used for lifting the heavy mater
ials.
• After this studied we conclude that, crane plays a vital role in the construction in
dustry, and makes the construction faster and economical.
• This paper investigates crane safety in related to the understanding and degree
of executing statutory requirements and non-statutory guidelines for the use of c
ranes
• After the study of it we know about crane and their uses in different places.
• This presentation gives the information about the causes of failure and the preve
ntive measures.