MATA KULIAH : EKONOMI MAKRO

KODE MATA KULIAH/SKS : MN0013 / 3 SKS

KURIKULUM : 2012

VERSI : 0.0

EDUCATION FOR A BETTER LIFE

 MINGGU 1
PERTEMUAN 1

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EDUCATION FOR A BETTER LIFE
 KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG DIHARAPKAN
Mahasiswa mengetahui dan memahami
ruang lingkup ekonomi makro, dan
sejarah perkembangan ekonomi makro.

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 MATERI POKOK
• Ruang lingkup Ekonomi
• Metode Ekonomi
• Sejarah Perkembangan Ekonomi makro
• Masalah-masalah ekonomi makro
• Komponen-komponen ekonomi makro

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 SUMBER PUSTAKA
 Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, & Sharon M. Oster, Principle of
Macroeconomics, 10th edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2012
(CF), ch 1 & ch 5
 Rahardja, Pratama dan Mandala Manurung, Teori Ekonomi Makro:
Suatu Pengantar, edisi keempat, Buku Seri Teori Ekonomi, Jakarta,
Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia, 2008
(RM), bab 1

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 Mengapa belajar Ekonomi?
• Mempelajari cara berpikir yang membantu dalam
pengambilan keputusan:
 Konsep dasar ekonomi:
 Opportunity cost
 Marginalism
 Efficient markets
• Membantu memahami masyarakat
• Membantu memahami isu-isu globalisasi
• Bermanfaat dalam membangun masyarakat demokrasi

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 RUANG LINGKUP ILMU EKONOMI

Examples of microeconomic and macroeconomic concerns

Production Prices Income Employment
Microeconomics Production/Output Price of Individual Distribution of Employment by
in Individual Goods and Income and Wealth Individual
Industries and Services Businesses &
Businesses Wages in the auto Industries
Price of medical industry Jobs in the steel
How much steel care Minimum wages industry
How many offices Price of gasoline Executive salaries Number of
How many cars Food prices Poverty employees in a
Apartment rents firm
Macroeconomics National Aggregate Price National Income Employment and
Production/Output Level Total wages and Unemployment in
salaries the Economy
Total Industrial Consumer prices
Output Producer Prices Total corporate Total number of
Gross Domestic Rate of Inflation profits jobs
Product Unemployment
Growth of Output rate

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 The Core of Macroeconomic Theory

The Market for

Goods and Services
• Planned aggregate
expenditure Aggregate Demand and The Labor Market
Consumption (C) Aggregate Supply
Investment (I)
Government spending (G) Connections • Aggregate demand curve • The supply of labor
Net exports (EX – IM) between the • The demand for
goods market labor
• Aggregate output (income) (Y) and the money • Employment and
market unemployment
• Equilibrium output
(income) (Y*) r* Y*
• Aggregate supply curve

The Money Market

• The supply of money
• The demand for money

• Equilibrium interest rate (r*)

Equilibrium price level
(P*)
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 SEJARAH MUNCULNYA TEORI EKONOMI MAKRO

• Great Depression 1929-1930 merupakan suatu

periode dimana beberapa asumsi ekonom Klasik
tidak berlaku :
– Full employment
– Supply creates its demand
– Invisible hands
– Price flexibility
– Market mechanism

• General Theory of Employment, Interest and

Money (Keynes, 1936) menandai munculnya teori
ekonomi makro.

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 PERANAN PEMERINTAH DALAM EKONOMI MAKRO

Keynes percaya bahwa pemerintah dapat

campur tangan dalam perekonomian untuk
mempengaruhi tingkat output (pertumbuhan
ekonomi) dan pengangguran

Walter Heller menggunakan istilah “fine-tuning”

untuk menyebut peranan pemerintah dalam
mengatur inflasi dan pengangguran.
Current Issue: antisipasi perkembangan ekonomi
global

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 MASALAH-MASALAH EKONOMI MAKRO

• Tiga masalah utama ekonomi makro:

– Inflasi:
• Deflasi
• Hyperinflasi
• Stagflasi
– Pengangguran
– Pertumbuhan

• Masalah lainnya:
– Defisit Neraca Pembayaran
– Ketidakstabilan ekonomi
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 BUSINESS CYCLE

o Masa kejayaan:
o Ekspansi output meningkat 
kesempatan kerja meningkat =
penganggguran menurun.
Ekspansi output meningkat 
inflasi meningkat.
o Masa resesi:
o Kontraksi output menurun 
kesempatan kerja menurun =
pengangguranmeningkat.
o Kontraksi output menurun 
inflasi menurun.
o Untuk menstabilkan perekonomian,
perlu campur tangan Pemerintah.

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 KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PEREKONOMIAN

• Kebijakan Fiskal
• Kebijakan Moneter
• Kebijakan Sektor Riil (sisi penawaran)
• Kebijakan Perdagangan

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THE CIRCULAR FLOW DIAGRAM

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PASAR DALAM EKONOMI MAKRO

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Real GDP, 1900-2002

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Real GDP, 1970 I-2003 II

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Unemployment Rate, 1970 I-2003 II

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Percentage Change in the GDP Deflator
(Four-Quarter Average), 1970 I-2003 II

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TERIMA KASIH

EDUCATION FOR A BETTER LIFE