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• Introduction-Heat Exchangers
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INTRODUCTION- HEAT EXCHANGERS
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TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
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TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
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TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
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TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
Special Type of Heat Exchangers:-
These are used in special cases where the standard forms of tubular
exchangers are unsatisfactory.
(a) Pipe coils
– These coils of spiral or helical shape are used for cooling purposes, especially at high
temperature and pressure applications
– Such coils are immersed in a tank of water or sprayed with water
– The pressure drop in the coils is high, but the construction is simple and less
expensive
(b) Spiral heat exchanger
– This consists of two plates, spirally wound one inside the other on a split mandrel
– Each turn being separated by spacer studs, flash welded to the plates before winding
– After winding, alternate pairs of plates are edge welded to form two channels, each
open at one side and welded at the other
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SPIRAL HEAT EXCHANGER
• The last turn of the spiral forms the shell of the cylindrical spiral body, the
ends of which are closed by end covers.
• The hot fluid enters at the centre, flows through the inner passage and
leaves at the periphery.
• The cold fluid enters at the periphery, flows through the outer passage, and
leaves at the centre.
• The two fluids, thus, flow in true counter-current in between the curved
surfaces, giving excellent flow characteristics.
• The curved channel gives a constantly changing angle of incidence to the
particles that may, in conventional exchangers, cause fouling.
• The spiral heat exchanger is used for highly fouling and corrosive liquids.
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PLATE TYPE EXCHANGER
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PLATE TYPE EXCHANGER
– This type of heat exchanger is used in the food, dairy and other industries
where even the slightest contamination of the products due to a leakage
cannot be tolerated
– Recently, for the same application a double walled plate heat exchanger has
been introduced in the market
– They are very useful for the pharmaceutical industry as well, where even the
slight contamination is not allowable
– The brazed/welded fabrication avoids a gasket, thereby making it suitable
also for high temperature applications
– The introduction of the wide gap plate heat exchangers make them more
advantageous over the conventional shell and tube heat exchangers in the
food processing industry, paper and pulp industry and paint industry.
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TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
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GRAPHITE HEAT EXCHANGERS
– In the normal types, the exchanger is made of the shell, and in the tube type,
with graphite tubes and tube sheets.
– The cubic or rectangular block heat-exchanger consists of a graphite block
perforated with rows of parallel holes for conveying the two fluids. The
graphite blocks are made from a series of accurately machined plates of
graphite laminated together and bonded with thermosetting resin.
– Headers are bolted to the four faces of the graphite block for supply and
discharge of the fluids
– In a cylindrical block of graphite, holes can be drilled and these blocks can be
multi-stocked in a cylindrical steel shell that has gland fittings. These units
have been designed for use as evaporators and reboilers.
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DESIGN OF SHELL & TUBE HEAT
EXCHANGERS-BASICS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS- USEFUL REFERENCES
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