History of Paper Making

Two major advancements in pulping were

developed in the late 1800s

1866 1879
American Benjamin German chemist, C. F.
Tilghman developed Dahl, developed the
the sulfite pulping Kraft pulping
process process
Dominant pulping 1930s dominant
process until the pulping process
1930s and still is today
Advantages of the Kraft Process
 The majority of the chemicals used in
the pulping process are recoverable
for use in further pulping operations

 Largeamounts of energy are

produced in the recovery boilers
during the recovery process

 The Kraft process can pulp pine trees

The Modern Paper Making Process

Paper Making Process Overview [Chesterton, 2004]

 The Modern Paper Making Process
Five Methods of pulping

1) Mechanical Pulping
2) Chemimechanical
3) Thermomechanical
4) Chemimechanical and
Thermomechanical Pulping (CTMP)
5) Chemical Pulping
 The Modern Paper Making Process

The chemical method is the most popular

because it produces a higher quality paper
than mechanical pulping

The most popular method of pulp production

is the Kraft process, producing nearly 85%
of all pulp in the

This will be the focus of the pulping

description
The Modern Paper Making Process

Chesterton Pulp washers [Chesterton, 2004]

The Modern Paper Making Process

Chesterton Bleach Plant [Chesterton, 2004]

The Modern Paper Making Process

Paper Machine [Chesterton, 2004]

The Modern Paper Making Process

Recovery Evaporators [Chesterton, 2004]

The Modern Paper Making Process

Recovery Boiler [Chesterton, 2004]

The Modern Paper Making Process

Recovery Causticizing [Chesterton, 2004]

The Modern Paper Making Process

Water Treatment [Chesterton, 2004]

 Brush Creek, Private Land, Oregon

The Problems and Solutions

 One of the very first
impacts of the
paper industry was
the deforestation of
large tracts of land
in the early 1900s
 Today the paper
companies practice
a process of
sustainable forestry
 The Problems and Solutions
Hydrogen Sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas that smells

like rotten eggs

At elevated levels, it can irritate the eyes

and respiratory system

It can be deadly at very high levels (greater

than 500,000 parts per billion)
 The Problems and Solutions
Dioxins and Furans
 Most toxic chemicals known to
science
 The most toxic compound is 2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or TCDD
 Any process that uses chlorine can
change or generate chlorinated
dioxins and furans
 White Paper bleaching uses Chlorine
 The Problems and Solutions
Reduction of Wastewater

 Reduce the demand for the high

quality bright-white paper
 For “lower quality” papers use a
combination of other chemicals in the
bleach process (oxygen for example)
 Do a better job of pulping the wood
The Problems and Solutions

Ash and smoke,

byproducts of
burning the
black liquor and
fuel in the
recovery boiler
and power
boiler, escapes
thru the smoke
stacks
 Hope for the Future

Advances Toward Sustainability

 Sustainable Forest Initiative Program

 Recovery of Process Chemicals
 Recycling of Process Water
 Reduction of Dioxin Production
 Make use of by-product Residue
Tall Oil – used in paints, perfume, cosmetics
Turpentine