SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

Dr.C.V. Raman Institute of Shweta Dash

& technology M.Tech
2016-18
OUTLINE
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
 PROPOSED METHODOGY
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
 India has the tremendous scope of Renewable energy
sources. Wind and solar power are the two most common
sources of renewable energy. Many researches has been
started on technologies for converting renewable energy
sources into electrical energy
 One of the most efficient technology for converting solar
energy to electrical energy is solar Photo Voltaic
array(group of PV cells)converting solar energy, but for
converting solar power to electrical power the climate
change is considered as a subject of high importance.
 The main objective to design and simulate the microgird
Simulink model
Keywords: Microgrid, Matlab, Simulink,Photovoltaic array.
INTRODUCTION
 It is small-scale power supply network that is designed
to provide power for a small community.
 It enables local power generations for local loads.
 It comprises of various small power generating sources
that makes it highly flexible and efficient
 It is connected to both local generating units and the
utility grid thus preventing power outages
 Excess power can sold to the utility grid
 Size of the micro-grid may range from housing estate
to municipal regions.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 In the year 2002, Hiroshi Nagayoshi et al. described in their
paper about the basic characteristics of the PV module/array
simulator circuit implemented in hardware. For obtaining the
solar cell characteristics the authors magnified the output of a
small pn photo-sensor using analog circuits. A variation in fill
factor is made available for the user, thus making the simulator a
general purpose one which can simulate many kinds of PV
modules or arrays.[12]
 In the year 2007 Atlas & Sharaf et.al presented a simulation
model for photovoltaic array (PVA) in Matlab-Simulink. The
model is developed using basic circuit equations of the
photovoltaic (PV) solar cells including the effects of solar
irradiation and temperature changes. The testing of the model is
done with dc as well as ac loads. The test results were also
presented.[8]

 In the year 2010 ,Tsai et al. presented in their paper a novel model of
photovoltaic (PV) module which is implemented in Matlab/Simulink.
The effect of irradiance and temperature is taken into account for the
proposed model. The output current and power characteristics are
simulated and analyzed using the proposed PV model. The model
verification has been confirmed through an experimental
measurement.[5]
 In the year 2013,Vikrant Sharma and S.S. Chandelet.al published a
paper on ECONPAPERS states that, the performance analysis of a 190
kWp solar photovoltaic power plant installed at Khatkar-Kalan, India,
is carried out. The final yield, reference yield and performance ratio,
are found to vary from 1.45 to 2.84 kWh/kWp-day, 2.29 to 3.53
kWh/kWp-day and 55–83% respectively. The annual average
performance ratio, capacity factor and system efficiency are found to be
74%, 9.27% and 8.3% respectively. The average annual measured energy
yield of the plant is found to be 812.76 kWh/kWp. The average annual
predicted energy yield is found to be 823 kWh/kWp using PVSYST. The
estimated energy yield is in close agreement with measured results
with an uncertainty of 1.4%. The total estimated system losses due to
irradiance.[2]
 In the year 2015, B. Shiva Kumar and K. Sudhakar et.al
published a paper on ELSEVIER states that, the
growing energy demand in developing nations has
triggered the issue of energy security. This has made
essential to utilize the untapped potential of
renewable resources. Grid connected PV systems have
become the best alternatives in renewable energy at
large scale.
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
 Due to chaotic nature of weather systems and the
uncertainties involved in atmospheric conditions such as
temperature, cloud amount, dust and relative humidity,
precise solar power forecasting can be extremely difficult.
A number of forecasting models have been developed for
solar resources and power output of PV plant utility scale
level in the past few years

 With research progressing for performance reliability and

improvement of PV systems, there has been substantial
research done to address and understanding the protection
issues arising out of the increase in PV penetration in
power distribution network
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

 Grid connected PV system always have a connection to the public

electricity grid via a suitable inverter because a photovoltaic panel or
array (multiple PV panels) only deliver DC power. As well as the solar
panels, the additional components that make up a grid connected PV
system compared to a stand alone PV system are:
 Inverter: The inverter is the most important part of any grid connected
system. The inverter extracts as much DC (direct current) electricity as
possible from the PV array and converts it into clean mains AC
(alternating current) electricity at the right voltage and frequency for
feeding into the grid or for supplying domestic loads.
 Electricity Meter: The electricity meter also called a Kilowatt hour
(kWh) meter is used to record the flow of electricity to and from the
grid. Twin kWh meters can be used, one to indicate the electrical
energy being consumed and the other to record the solar electricity
being sent to the grid
 AC Breaker Panel and Fuses: The breaker panel or fuse
box is the normal type of fuse box provided with a
domestic electricity supply and installation with the
exception of additional breakers for inverter and/or
filter connections.
 Safety Switches and Cabling: A photovoltaic array will
always produce a voltage output in sunlight so it must
be possible to disconnect it from the inverter for
maintenance or testing. Isolator switches rated for the
maximum DC voltage and current of the array and
inverter safety switches must be provided separately
with easy access to disconnect the system
 The Electricity Grid: Finally the electricity grid itself to
connect too, because without the utility grid it is not a
Grid Connected PV System.
 In this manuscript a MATLAB Simulink model is
constructed detailed representation of a PV system,
This model simulates two scenarios: local grid tied
system (present situation) and national grid tied
system (introduced option). The economical savings
when system is connected to the national grid are
exponentially higher compared to the saving of the
real system when feeding the local grid. Therefore, to
encourage private and governmental agencies
expanding on solar energy production Electricity
Distribution Company have to be truly committed to
Feed-in Tariff‘ billing system.As shown in figure 4.7
CONCLUSION
 After surveying the issues related to the control of grid
connected converters, in micro-grid environment viz..,
various configurations, control algorithms, maximum
power point tracking, filter choices, the working frame of
references, the choice of regulators, system stability and
finally the method of testing proposed and tested by
different authors some conclusions have been derived.
Weighing the merits and demerits of various aspects, the
researcher feels there is a scope for improvement in the
control of grid connected converters.
 This improvement is felt necessary especially under
dynamic conditions, in MPPT and also in the reliable
testing methods of the developed converters.
 The expected outcome of this research work is to
design, develop and test a micro-grid connected
converter with a dynamic, effective and reliable control
scheme with MPPT which can work satisfactorily even
during transient conditions. Furthermore, the work
also aims at developing a testing platform through
which the reliability of the developed power converters
can be tested.
SIMULATION
 Run the simulation and observe the resulting signals on the various
scopes.
 The initial input irradiance to the PV array model is 1000 W/m2 and
the operating temperature is 45 deg. C.
 When steady-state is reached (around t=0.15 sec.), we get a PV voltage
(Vdc_mean) of 481 V and the power extracted (Pdc_mean) from the
array is 236 kW.
 These values correspond very well to the expected values from the PV
module manufacturer specifications.
 At t=0.3 sec, sun irradiance is rapidly ramped down from 1000 W/m^2
to 200 W/m^2.
 Due to the MPPT operation, the control system reduces the VDC
reference to 464 V in order to extract maximum power from the PV
array (46 kW).

REFERENCES
 []1.Ahmad, G.E., Mohamad, M.A., 2000. Use of PV systems in remote car filling stations.
Energy Convers. Manage. 41 (12), 1293–1301.

 [2].Modelling and simulation of a micro grid-connected solar PV system Rameen

 Abdel Hady National Research Center,Ministry of Water Resources and
 Irrigation, EgyptReceived 2 February 2017; received in revised form 2 April
 2017; accepted 3 April 2017 B. Shiva Kumar, K. Sudhakar ∗

 [3]Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, MP,
India
 [4]Ayompe, L.M., Duffy, A., McCormack, S.J., Conlon, M., 2011. Measuredperformanceof
a 1.72 kW rooftop grid connected photovoltaic system in Ireland. EnergyConvers.
Manage. 52, 816–825.
 [5]Sharma, Vikrant, Chandel, S.S., 2013. Performance analysis of a 190 kWp grid
interactive solar photovoltaic power plant in India. Energy 55, 476–485

 [6]Ahmad, G.E., Schmid, J., 2001. Feasibility study of brackish water

desalination in the Egyptian deserts and rural regions using PV systems.
ISESSolar World Congress, 1032–1038.Climate data, 2016. Available at:
http://en.climate-

 [7]data.org/location/957552/. (Cited 2016).EEHC, 2015. Commercial Tariff

2014/2015. EEHC-Egyptian Electrical Holding Company.Elhodeiby,

 [8]A.S., Metwally, H.M.B., Farahat, M.A., 2011. Performance analysis of 3.6 kW

Rooftop grid connected photovoltaic system in Egypt.In:International
Conference Energy Systems and Technologies (ICEST 2011)
Cairo,Egypt.IEA, 2016.

 [9]Feed-in Tariff for Wind and Solar PV Projects. IEA-International

Energy
agency, Available
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