QIP LECTURE ON

Smart Grid Technologies

&
Renewable Integration

23 April 2019
1
 Topics
►Introduction
►Why smart grids? Smart Grid Drivers
►Explaining Smart Grids
►Making the Case for Smart Grids
►The Anatomy of a Smart Grid
►Renewable Energy in Smart Grids
►Integration Issues
►Conclusion

23 April 2019
2
 Introduction

‘Smart' is the new 'e'. A decade ago, a

small ‘e' in front of something showed that
it was new and exciting - email,
eCommerce, eHealth, eVoting ....

Now, you read about smart - smart

phones, smart cities, smart
transport ... even smart water!

23 April 2019
3
 Introduction

If you believe the newspapers, smart grids are

the solution to our future energy problems
and, possibly, the panacea to global warming.

But what is a smart grid and what makes it so

much cleverer than what we've got now?

Are all smart grids equally smart? How do you

recognise one and what does it mean to the
average consumer?

23 April 2019
4
 Electricity consumption vs. GDP

23 April 2019
5
 Energy Scenario

23 April 2019
6
 All India Installed Gen Capacity

23 April 2019
7
 Looking at the 'Uneducated' Grid

Transmission systems have always been relatively smart but, on leaving the
transmission network, things dumb down rapidly.

Conventional distribution grids are built on a build and connect principle.

23 April 2019
8
 Looking at the 'Uneducated' Grid

The global warming-induced pressure for countries to

move towards low-carbon economies is now challenging
this traditional 'build and connect' culture.

Electricity distributors are now being forced to move from

a 'build and connect’ to a 'connect and manage'
culture.

Distribution networks can no longer be left to their own

devices but need to be actively managed, along with the
consumers they serve, to cope with rapidly changing
demands on the network.

23 April 2019
9
 Google Search - Smart Grids

23 April 2019
10
 What is Smart Grid?
Many Definitions
A smart grid includes an intelligent monitoring system that keeps
track of all electricity flowing in the system.
It also incorporates the use of superconductive transmission lines
for less power loss, as well as the capability of integrating
alternative sources of electricity such as solar and wind.

“An automated, widely distributed energy delivery network

characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information,
capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from
power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances”

23 April 2019
11
 What is Smart Grid?
Many Definitions..
A smart grid is an
electricity
It does this by
distribution
automatically
network that can
reconfiguring the
monitor electricity
network and/or
flowing within
exerting a level of
itself and, based on
control over
this self
connected demand
awareness, adjust
and generation
to changing
conditions.

23 April 2019
12
 Why Smart Grid? Drivers for SG.

23 April 2019
13
 Traditional & Smart Grid

23 April 2019
14
 Getting to a Smarter System

Smart grids don't usually start out smart.

The vast majority of the electricity

distribution network has been around for
some time now and pre-dates the 'smart' era
by several decades.

23 April 2019
15
 How a smart Grid Develops?

Majority of grids need to become smart by

adding Information and Communications
Technologies (lCT) to the existing 'dumb'
network.

A massive cultural change in the way

distribution grids are planned, operated
and managed is also required.

23 April 2019
16
 Comparison of smart grid with traditional grid

23 April 2019
17
 Smart Grid A Bird’s Eye View

23 April 2019
18
 What a smart Grid can do?
A smart grid helps deliver electricity more efficiently and reliably by:

Automatically re-routing power, shifting loads and/or controlling

embedded generation to manage constraints and outages on the network.

Monitoring the condition of network assets and predicting failures, thus

reducing maintenance costs.

Intelligently managing the network to maximise the electricity distributed.

Enhanced Reliability

Multiple Decentralized Energy Sources

Lower Energy Consumption

23 April 2019
19
 Why Smart Grid? Drivers for SG

Aging infrastructure and workforce

Continuing national security concerns

Need for and viability of energy efficiency

caused by the expansion of the global economy

Increasing awareness of environmental issues,

including global warming

23 April 2019
20
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

23 April 2019
21
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Reducing Carbon Emissions: Shifting from Non Renewable to Renewable

Power generation

Living with sustainable generation: Moving to low-carbon energy sources

will require a fundamental shift in the way we use and store power.

Managing Growth in electricity consumption: If new electricity demand is

to be met, it must be flexible enough to adapt to the increasingly inflexible
and unpredictable sources of sustainable generation.

Decentralise Energy Generation

23 April 2019
22
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Offering Better Consumer Service

Better network management via smart grids also offers

the prospect of better quality of supply:

►Fewer brown outs.

►Less flickering.

►Less interference with communication systems and

other electronics.

23 April 2019
23
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Optimising Distribution
Distributors can move towards condition based maintenance in which
assets are maintained when required rather than according to fixed
schedules.

This form of maintenance can reduce both operating expenditure

(OPEX) through less unnecessary maintenance, and capital expenditure
(CAPEX) by extending the life of assets.

Smart grids also enable smart investment strategies.

Better visibility of power flows on the network gives distributors a

better understanding of where losses occur, allowing them to target
investment accordingly.

23 April 2019
24
 The Anatomy of a Smart Grid

23 April 2019
25
 Smart grid technology areas

23 April 2019
26
 The Anatomy of a Smart Grid

Active Network Management (ANM)

Optimising the network through ANM also offers a smart grid

distributor the ability to connect more distributed generation
(DG), potentially a relatively inexpensive way to reinforce the
network.

An essential part of ANM is a fast and reliable communication

infrastructure between substations on the network and the central
distribution management system (DMS), a suite of application software
that supports the operation of electric systems.

23 April 2019
27
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Automatic Voltage Control

AVCs are going to have to get smarter as

not all cope well with the reverse power
flow conditions that can arise when
distributed generation is connected to
the network.

23 April 2019
28
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Dynamic Line Rating (DLR)

Dynamic line rating (DLR) is about squeezing

more capacity out of existing network
infrastructure through real-time monitoring.
For example, strong winds provide cooling that
increases line capacity.

23 April 2019
29
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Intelligent Electronic Device (lED)

Smart grids need smart tools, and an

intelligent electronic device (lED)
combines substation protection, control,
power quality recording and
measurement capability in a single
device.

23 April 2019
30
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)

Referred to as a power system's 'health meter', a
phasor measurement unit (PMU) samples voltage and
current many times a second at a given location on the
network, giving the distributor a near real time view of
the power system's behaviour.

23 April 2019
31
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Reactive Power Compensation

Reactive power compensation is the injection or

absorption of this reactive power to control voltage and
increase available capacity.

23 April 2019
32
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Peripheral Smart Grid Technologies:

☻Distributed Generation (DG) Distributed
Generation(DG)
☻Dynamic Demand (DD)

23 April 2019
33
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Dynamic Demand (DD)

23 April 2019
34
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Grid Energy Storage

“Batteries”, which are expensive to produce, costly to maintain and have a limited
lifespan.

“Compressed air”, which requires similar large scale facilities as pump storage.

“Flywheels”, only good for small scale storage.

“Hydrogen”, manufactured using off-peak electricity and then combined with oxygen to
produce electricity at peak time but with lower efficiency than pumped storage or batteries.

“Superconducting magnetic energy storage” (SMFS), a means of storing energy in the

magnetic field created by a direct current flow in a cryogenically cooled superconducting coil. It
works only for small amounts of energy and is expensive to boot.

23 April 2019
35
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Micro Generation
Benefits of a Microgrid
 Increases power reliability and
self-sufficiency
 Reduces utility costs and improves
economic competitiveness
 Reduces greenhouse gas
emissions and other pollutants
 Lower transmission and
distribution efficiency losses
 Capable of operating on renewable
or nonrenewable resources

23 April 2019
36
 Making the Case for Smart Grids
Smart appliances

23 April 2019
37
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Smart homes

23 April 2019
38
 Making the Case for Smart Grids

Smart meters

23 April 2019
39
 Making the Case for Smart Grids
Virtual power plants (VPP’s)
A virtual power plant is a
cluster of decentralized
generation installations, that
are controlled from one
central point or one control
centre.

23 April 2019
40
 Renewable Energy in Smart Grid

Energy, Environment & Sustainable Development – interlinked.

Coal (fossil) fuel – limited period

Reduce green house emissions & mitigate climate change.

Peak load management

Distributed Generation Systems connected to LT Distribution system

(11kV)

Renewable energy sources –

Wind
Solar – Rooftop Photovoltaic
Other Distributed Generation systems based on Mini Hydro, & Bio mass

23 April 2019
41
 Renewable – Grid Connectivity

Micro Grid
Inv/ Conv
Synch Switch

Inv/ Conv U

Inv/ Conv
Local Loads

Optional Storage / Fuel Cell Backup

Info Flow
Inv/ Con - Inverter /Converter With Controls Control
U – Utility Grid
Centre

23 April 2019
42
 Distributed Energy Resources &
Grid Integration Issues
1. Intermittent and unpredictable operation can destabilize grid.

2. Back feeding power to distribution system can cause accidents.

3. Back fed power must be measured and accounted for.

4. Multiple generation sources increase complexity and risk.

5. Rotating machinery generators must be synced to grid

6. Energy recording, tariff and billing – to be reworked.

7. Real time monitoring and Control.

8. Smart Grid addresses above- convergence of Information and

communication Technology
43
 What India need to do?
Sensitise all stake holder about global developments.

Insist and mandate to procure equipment based on open standards

Work with National & International bodies driving SG concepts

Standardise software / Hardware devices based on International

standards ( Meter to Control Room) - No proprietary.

Implement Security standards

Software standarisation in distribution sector

based on IEC 61968 / 61970 (EMS)

Go for few pilot projects covering large area as in other countries

Replace equipments not suitable for integration

23 April 2019
44
 CONCLUSION
Smart Grids and Culture Change Go Hand-in-Hand
Technology is the Least of Your Worries

Capital Investment -Incentives are Key

Smart Meters don’t make a Smart Grid... But Smart Meters

are an Essential Component of Smart Grids

Get Ready for Data - and Lots of It!

Start with what you have got !

Fix Existing Hot Spots

Start Forecasting more than just New Connections

Don't For get the Consumers!

23 April 2019
45
 Reference:
[1] Government of India Executive Summary Power Sector January-15 Ministry
of power Central Electricity Authority New Delhi
[2] Smart Grid for Dummies
[3] Smart Home Technologies George Wang (Presentation)
[4] Smart Grid Smart City Presentation, Australian Govt, Dept of the
Environment, Water, Heritage & the Arts.
[5] White Paper: Integrating Distributed Energy Resources into the Smart Grid
Written by: Gary Frederich & Patric Dove, Advantech Corporation, Industrial
Automation Group

23 April 2019
46
 Thanks…

Any Questions?

23 April 2019
47