BY

KRITIKA JHA
MAYANK SADANA
• SOLAR ENERGY
• WIND ENERGY
• HYDROTHERMAL ENERGY
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• BIOMASS
• TIDAL ENERGY
• It is an artificial photosynthesis process with photocatalysts in a photoelectrochemical

cell used for dissociation of water into its constituents.

• Leading to Hydrogen fuel production (cleaner fuel)

• Researchers prefer catalysts like NaTaO3, Bismuth vanadate,

Cobalt based systems etc

• Photocatalyst prepared by using a class of
large aromatic compound called Boron-
BODIPY
dipyromethene or BODIPY

• The photocatalyst prepared by reacting it

with tetra fluoro borated diazonium salt in
the presence of a cobalt complex
 Electricity generated in the electrolytic cell
when current is applied through the electrodes
in a photoelectrochemical cell is used for the
separation of water into its constituents,

 At the negative terminal, H2 is produced due

to reduction , and at the positive terminal
oxygen is produced as a result of oxidation
An initiative taken by the collaboration of different countries to reduce the emission of
methane to environment and to use the emitted methane to generate electricity. This led to
two benefits :
• Reduction in the amount of greenhouse gas i.e. 6875 million metric tonnes of CO2
equivalent.
• Generation of electricity.
• TRASH DECOMPOSES (OR ROTS) IN LANDFILLS, CREATING METHANE GAS.

• METHANE RISES TO THE TOP OF THE LANDFILL AND IS COLLECTED IN PIPES.

• THE METHANE IS BURNED TO PRODUCE HEAT OR GENERATE ELECTRICITY.

• Putting waste to good use. More than 500 landfill–to–energy projects are currently
operating in the United States, and another 500 landfills are good candidates for turning
their methane into an energy resource, which would produce enough electricity to
power nearly 688,000 homes across the nation.
• Minimise the overall methane emissions.
• Cost effective. Energy sources can be used for cooking and electricity growth.
Municipal solid waste (MSW), often called garbage, is used to produce energy at waste-to-
energy plants and at landfills in the United States. MSW contains
• biomass, or biogenic (plant or animal products), materials such as paper, cardboard, food
waste, grass clippings, leaves, wood, leather products
• Non-biomass combustible materials such as plastics and other synthetic materials made
from petroleum
• Non-combustible materials such as glass and metals.
• MSW is usually burned at special waste-to-energy plants that use the heat from the fire to
make steam for generating electricity or to heat buildings.
• In 2015, 71 waste-to-energy power plants and four other power plants burned MSW in the
United States. These plants burned about 29 million tons of MSW in 2015 and generated
nearly 14 billion kilo-watthours of electricity. The biomass materials in the MSW that were
burned in these power plants accounted for about 64% of the weight of the MSW and
contributed about 51% of the energy.
• The remainder of the MSW was non-biomass combustible material, mainly plastics. Many large
landfills also generate electricity by using the methane gas that is produced from decomposing
biomass in landfills.
 Waste generated in urban India every year
• Solid waste : 300 Million Tons
• Liquid waste: 4400 Cu. Metres.
• Municipal solid waste: 0.30 – 0.66 Kg / person / day
• Plus industrial waste.
• Urban Local Bodies spend around ` 500/- to ` 1500/- per ton on solid waste management, out of which 60 to 70% of the
amount is on collection, 20 to 30% on transportation, while hardly any fund is spent on treatment and disposal of waste. Even
after segregation of waste, about 45% goes to landfills.
• Most solid waste goes to landfills/water bodies, causing serious pollution with methane and CO². Finding new landfill sites is
no solution. Permanent and eco-friendly solution lies in gainful utilisation of this garbage into energy, by processing and treating
the waste before final disposal. This can reduce the waste by up to 90%, and at the same time, recover fuel gas for cooking and
lighting and electricity.
• www.sciencedirect.com
• pubs.acs.org
• Onlinelibrary.wiley.com
• www.nature.com
• www.mdpi.com
• www.chimica.unipd.it