Classification of Local

Instruments
Recap-What is Sound?

▪ Sound is a vibration of air which is heard when it reaches the ear.

▪ The vibrations travel through the air ( or any other medium like
water, etc.)
▪ The vibrations reach our ears and is perceived as sound when the
signals reach the brain, through our ears.
Recap- Sources of Sound

▪ Sound originates from the environment all around us.

▪ Sounds are produced by the wind, stream, birds and animals, musical
instruments, etc.
▪ Sounds also emanate when we strike, pluck or blow air through
objects.
Recap- Qualities of Sound

▪ Raw sound is irregular (without rhythm)

▪ Raw sound is indefinite (without definite pitch).
▪ Raw sound is also not organised.
▪ This is why raw sound can be a source of noise.
▪ When raw sounds are organised, regular and definite, the result is
music.
Classification of Local Instruments

▪ Some Nigerian Instruments…..

Classification of Local Instruments

English Igbo Yoruba Hause

▪ Some Nigerian Instruments…
Skin
Igba Igbin Tambari
Drum
Ogene,
Gong Agogo
Ogele
Wooden
Ekwe
Drum
Flute Oja Algaita
Opu, Opi,
Horn Eyin Erin
Odu
Pot Drum Udu
Thuimb
Ubo-aka Agidigbo
Piano
Ngedeleg
Xylophon
Classification of Instruments

Idiophones
▪ The instruments in this group produce sound by the vibration of their
body when struck with a stick or the hand.
▪ Idiophones are the most commonly used instruments in Nigeria and
in Africa. They include all types of percussion instruments- metal
gongs, wooden drums, xylophones, rattles, woodblocks clappers,
thumb piano, bells etc.
Classification of Instruments

Aerophones
▪ This class of instruments depend on air to function. They produce
sounds when air is blown into them. Aerophones are of 3 categories:
Horns, flutes and trumpets.
Classification of Instruments

Membranophones
▪ These are instruments made from animal skin or leather. The skin is
used to cover one or both ends of a hollowed wood.
▪ Membranophones in modern times also include membrane covered
drums, not necessarily made from animal skin or leather.
▪ The skin/membrane is held in place with pegs. These pegs are also
used for tuning. Sometimes the drums are kept in the sun so that the
leather gets dry and produces higher pitch.
▪ Skin drums have lots of varieties in Nigeria and Africa. They can be
single headed( igba) or double headed (hour glass) etc.
Classification of Instruments

Chordophones
▪ This group of instruments are made of strings. Chordophones are
found mainly in Northern Nigeria. There are 3 types of chordophones
in Nigeria: Lutes, Harps and Zithers
Key Signatures – with sharps
Key Signatures – with flats
Major Keys with Sharps

▪ Always remember, that the key of c major has no key signature. This
is because all its notes are natural.
▪ There are 7 major keys with sharps- G, D, A, E, B, F# and C#
Major Keys with Flats

▪ Again remember, that the key of c major has no key signature. This is
because all its notes are natural.
▪ There are 7 major keys with flats- F, Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb and Cb
Key Signatures – charts
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Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
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Group A
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Group B
• Task 1
• Task 2

Group C
• Task 1
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