Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
October 13,
1997 - October
11, 2004
This is a
picture of
Seven month
old Olivia
Grace Hamilton
at Cayuga
Lake in 2004.
Viral Meningitis.
tragically took
her life.
Introduction
Late summer or early fall…It’s not yet cold
or flu season, but your child is sick.
Consider coxsackievirus.
It’s often the culprit when parents leave a
doctor’s appointment without knowing what
disease their child has.
History
1947 Coxsackievirus was first identified
1957 associated with "hand, foot and
mouth" disease and first documented
1988 epidemics occurred
1994 the largest epidemic in Britain
Most of the 952 cases were children
aged one to four
Definition
Icosahedral
symmetry,
non-enveloped.
Capsid:VP1-VP4
+ssRNA.
Capsid:VP1-VP4
VP1 is associated with absorption of virus
VP4 locates in the capsid
Once VP1 bound to receptor on the
target cell,then VP4 is released,+ssRNA
enter the cell.
+ssRNA:infectious.
Pathogenic mechanism
To cell
CV are characterized by their ability to cause CPE in tissue
culture and by their capacity to initiate acute disease by
inducing apoptosis within targeted organs in vivo. So,these
viruses are considered highly cytolytic.
CV can establish persistence in susceptible cells,
indicating that a regulatory mechanism may exist to shut off
viral protein synthesis and replication under certain
situations. The persistence of coxsackieviral RNA is of
particular medical interest due to its association with
chronic human diseases.
To defence system
conjunctivitis
Herpangina
Meningitis Viral myocarditis
Duration
The duration usually varies, depending on
the specific type.
Coxsackie fever often asymptoms, a child's
temperature may return to normal within 24
hours, although the average fever lasts 3 to
4 days. In pleurodynia, fever and muscle
pain usually last 1 to 2 days, and in
herpangina, symptoms generally last 3 to 6
days.
Diagnose
Diagnosis is made based on the
history and physical exam
Lab tests are available
test stool or fluids from the back of the throat
Serum test for specific Ab
PCR for viral nucleic acid
Susceptible group
Most common in young people.
Adults can be infected, but this is much
less common
Most infections occur in the summer or
early fall, with a peak from August to
October in the northern hemisphere.
Transmission
Coxsackieviruses are present both in
the stool and in the respiratory
secretions
Fecal-oral transmission
Droplet transmission
Contact transmission
Prevention
There is no vaccine to prevent
coxsackie virus infection
Hand washing is the best
prevention,especially after
toileting and before eating—can
help reduce their spread
Treatment
Antibiotics do not help with coxsackievirus
infections
Plenty of fluids is useful
Acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) may be
given to relieve any minor aches and pains
Most children with a simple coxsackie
infection recover completely after a few
days at home.
Last year, a drug called acyclovir, an anti-
viral chemical normally used to treat
herpes simplex,made a surprising success
in treating patients with Coxsackie A16.
The study was not conclusive.
It speculated that in these patients,
something else was at work: these are the
interferons, which are chemical
messages sent from cell to cell like
warnings to uninfected cells to defend
themselves. .