ANALSIS OF SIX STROKE ENGINE WITH

ACETYLENE FUEL
Presented By : VISHAVESH J DEOTALE

Class : TE-MECHANICAL (A)

Roll No. : 307023

Guided By : Prof. ATUL M ELGANDELWAR

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Maharashtra Institute Of Technology, Pune

2018-2019
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 Introduction

The term six-stroke engine has been applied to a number of alternative internal
combustion engine designs that attempt to improve on traditional two-stroke and four-
stroke engines. Claimed advantages may include increased fuel efficiency, reduced
mechanical complexity and/or reduced emissions.
In this case will be studying and analysing the six stoke engine with mixture of
acetylene. Later we will compare experimental data obtain from the mixture of acetylene
and petrol in order to check the overall efficiency and performances obtain by using the
fuel in the engine, while providing higher environmental protection.

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 Objective
• To study the acetylene’s properties as the alternative fuel for petrol and
other fossil fuel in 6-Stroke engine.
• To compare the efficiencies and other properties of 6-stroke engine
with conventional engines.
• To check the enviormental and economical benefits of using acetylene
in six stroke engine.

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 Acetylene

• Acetylene is the colorless gas with garlic smell produced from the
calcium carbide CaC2 , which is obtained from calcium carbonate
CaCO3.
• Many of the gaseous fuels can be obtained from renewable sources.
They have a high self ignition temperature; and hence are excellent
spark ignition engine fuels.
• Gaseous fuels are suitable for spark ignition engines due to high self-
ignition temperature. The use of acetylene as an alternative fuel for
CI and SI engines is an appropriate field of research to obtained
desirable performance and reduced emissions.
• Its chemical formula is C2H2

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 Properties of Acetylene
Properties Acetylene Gasoline

Composition C2H2 C8H18

Density kg/m3 1.092 800

Auto ignition (°C) 305 246

Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio 13.2 14.7

Calorific value (kJ/Kg) 56,000 44,000

Ignition energy(mJ) 0.017 0.8

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 Advantages over conventional fuels

• It has a very wide flammability range and minimum ignition energy required
for ignition. Furthermore comparing with various other fuel properties.
• Due to high flame velocity, wide flammability and minimum ignition energy it
is easily combustible and produce huge heat energy.
• In ordinary IC engine we do not want that as it reduces the efficiency,but in
6-stroke engine the extra heat is used by secondary fuel i.e, water.
• As it can be produced from natural resources it is completely renewable fuel
source.

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 Limitation on acetylene

• IC engine cars are more to be replace by the Electric engine cars.

• The current engine cannot directly use acetylene as a fuel.
• Not much focus in out on it’s research.

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6-Srtoke IC engine

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 ……..contd

Basic construction
In the reciprocating engines, the six-stroke engine is considered more
fuel efficient and less pollutant as compared to two-stroke and four-
stroke engines. Many studies have been done and various designs were
developed for six-stroke engines. The design is basically based upon the
addition of one steam power stroke and an exhaust stroke to the
conventional four-stroke engine.

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 ………contd

Difference in cycle in conventional and 6-stroke engine

The efficiency of conventional Otto or diesel cycle was improved by
incorporating two additional strokes. The four strokes include (1) suction stroke,
(2) compression stroke, (3) power stroke, and (4) exhaust stroke. Following fig.
shows a schematic intake and exhaust valve actions and shows pressure-volume
diagram for a four-stroke gasoline engine respectively. The two additional strokes
were incorporated in modified cycle that increases the work output per unit of
fuel consumed. These two strokes comprise trapping and recompression
associated with water injection and expansion of resulted mixture of steam and
gases. By closing the exhaust valve before the normal crank angle degree, the
residual gases were trapped in the cylinder before top dead centre (TDC). To
increase the pressure, water was injected into trapped recompressed exhaust
gases which also provide the latent heat of vaporization to the water. More work
was produced from this increased pressure by another expansion stroke.

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11
 Environmental effects

The major benefits of using these two together is high reduction in pollution. After using
acetylene as a fuel in the 6-Stroke IC engine it found the following results. In case of the
emission of the emission of the CO and HC emissions were found to be reduced by 13.33
and 0.67%respectively with acetylene as compared to gasoline due to better combustion of
acetylene. The NOx emission was reduced by 5.65% with acetylene due to lower peak
temperature .
The table below gives the EXHAUST GAS COMPOSITION PER UNIT MOLE in 6-Stroke
engine with acetylene as fuel.

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 Gasoline Acetylene

CO2 0.0695 CO2 0.0804

H2O 0.1239 H2O 0.720

CO 0.0642 CO 0.058

H2 0.00124 H2 0.00836

NOX 0.7410 NOX 0.7586

Table 2: EXHAUST GAS COMPOSITION PER UNIT MOLE

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 Economical Advantage

 Most importantly, the fuel consumption is reduced by more than 40%, because of the
multi fuel system in six stroke engines.
 There is an operating efficiency of approximately 50%, therefore there is a reduction in
specific consumption.
 Maximum reduction of noise. chemical and thermal pollution.
 The fuel consumption for the six-stroke acetylene cycle engine was reduced by 1.8 and
45% as compared to six stroke gasoline cycle engine and four-stroke gasoline cycle
engine respectively at a rated speed and load.
 The brake thermal efficiency for the six-stroke acetylene cycle engine was increased by
1.55 and 45% as compared to six-stroke gasoline cycle engine and four-stroke gasoline
cycle engine respectively at rated speed and load.

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 Advantage
1. Most importantly, the fuel consumption is reduced by more than 40%, because
of the multi fuel system in six stroke engines.
2. There is an operating efficiency of approximately 50%, therefore there is a
reduction in specific consumption.
3. Maximum reduction of noise. chemical and thermal pollution.
4. Steam stroke cools the engine internally, hence use of much higher
compression ratios. There is a better combustion and expansion of gases that
takes place over 540 degrees of crankshaft rotation, in which 360 degree is in
closed combustion chamber and 180 degree for expansion.
5. Due to lightness of moving parts, it has less inertia. Better scavenging can be
get in fifth stroke.

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 Limitation
1. Due to total change in Gear structure, high initial cost is needed.
2. Manufacturing cost of Six Stroke Engine will be high.
3. Increase in size of engine due to extra two Strokes
4. There is a difference between first two consecutive strokes (360
degrees) and next four strokes (720 degrees), as first power stroke is
strong and second power stroke is very weak which create imbalance
power and vibrations in vehicle.
5. Extra space will be required by the water tank in the vehicle
.

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 Summary
1. The fuel consumption for the six-stroke acetylene cycle engine was reduced by 1.8 and
45% as compared to six stroke gasoline cycle engine and four-stroke gasoline cycle engine
respectively at a rated speed and load.
2. The brake thermal efficiency for the six-stroke acetylene cycle engine was increased by
1.55 and 45% as compared to six-stroke gasoline cycle engine and four-stroke gasoline cycle
engine respectively at rated speed and load.
3. A reduction in CO and HC emission with six-stroke acetylene engine as compared to six-
stroke gasoline cycle engine was observed to be 13.33 and 0.67% respectively.
4. The NOx emission was decreased by 5.65% with the sixstroke acetylene cycle engine as
compared to the sixstroke gasoline cycle engine.

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 References
• A highly efficient six-stroke internal combustion engine cycle with
water injection for in-cylinder exhaust heat recovery.
• Çengel Y, and Boles M (2008) Thermodynamics, an Enginnering
approach.McGraw Hill (chapter 4)
• Design and experimental investigations on six-stroke SI engine
using acetylene with water injection Use of
• Acetylene as an Alternative Fuel in IC Engine US 6076487A

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THANK YOU

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