Assignment

Topic:
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
Submitted to:
Sir Arshad Sahb
Submitted by:
Malik Shahroz Ali
Roll No:
BE-18-05
ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO’S ERA
(1971-1977)
RESOURCE PERSON: MS. FATIMA SAJJAD
 Early life
 Political career
 Major Issues in Pakistan during hisera.
 Major Policies adopted bygovt.
 Achievements of the govt.
 Failures of the govt.
 Death sentence and appeal
 Evaluation
He was born on 5 January 1928.
He was only son of Sir Shah NawazBhutto.
He completed his early education from Bombay Cathedral highschool.
In 1947, he joined the University of Southern California and later the university
of California at Berkeley in June 1949.
 After completed his degree with honors in political science in 1950 he was
admitioned to Oxford.
Bhutto was a Pakistani nationalist and socialist.

In 1957, Bhutto became the youngest member of Pakistan's delegation to the

 United Nations.
In 1958, he became Pakistan's youngest cabinetminister.

In 1960, He became trusted ally and advisor of Ayyub Khan, rising ininfluence and power
despite his youth and relativeinexperience.
He aided his president in negotiating the Indus Water Treatyin India in 1960.

He was Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the 10th Prime Minister of Pakistan
from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973.
Nationalization policy cause criticism and was serious damage to effortsfor
economic development during 1960’s and results in economic insufficiency and
miss-allocation of resources.
On January 1977 The opposition organized into the Pakistan national alliance.A-
nine- party- coalition against government Bhuttoand his allies.
 Lying foundation of PPP
 Nationalization policy
 Atomic bomb program
 Surpressing revolt inBaluchistan
Bhutto founded the Pakistan’s People Party ,which to date remains Pakistan’s
largest and most popular party.
PPPwas founded in opposition to Pakistan’s 1st military ruler Ayub Khanin
whose cabinet Mr. Bhutto held the portfolio of foreign minister.
Bhutto started nationalization programme of industries, financialinstitutions
including banks and insurance companies and rice-husking units.
Bhutto was founder of Pakistan’s atomic bomb programme due to his
aggressive leadership he is often known as Father of nuclear deterrence.
In January 1973, Bhutto ordered the Pakistan Armed forces tosuppress a rising
insurgency in the province of Baluchistan.
 Domestic reforms
 Land, flood and agriculturereforms
 Economic policy
 Banking and Export expansion
 Constitutional reforms
 Right of passport to everycitizen
During his period as prime minister, a number of land reforms were introduced.
Bhutto introduced socialist economics policies while working to prevent any
further division of thecountry.
Major heavy mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering industries were
immediately nationalized by Bhutto, and all of the industries came under direct
control of government.
Banking reforms were introduced to provide more opportunities to small
farmers.
Surveying the political instability, Bhutto's central government sacked two
provincial governments withinsix months, arrested the two chief ministers, two
governors and forty-four MNAs and MPAs.
•Bhutto government gave the right of a passport to every citizen of Pakistan and
facilitated millions of skilled and non-skilled Pakistanis to seek employment in
the Middle Easterncountries.
•The labor policy was among one of the most important cornerstone of Bhutto's
government, Shortly after assuming control, the government imposed some
conditions on the dismissal of workers.
•During his period in office the government carried out seven major
amendments to the 1973Constitution.
His vast knowledge, intelligence, and keen awareness of post-World War II,
and the nuclear history, enabled him to craft the foreign policy which brought
unmatched undivides in Pakistan's foreign policyhistory
 Bhutto sought to diversify Pakistan's relations away from the United States
and, soon Pakistan left CENTO andSEATO.
Bhutto developed close and strengthened the Arab relations, andSino-Pak
relations.
 Pakistan and Iran had cemented a special relationship, as Iran had provided
military assistance to Pakistan.
Bhutto, had built a strategic relationship withPeople's Republic of China.
Bhutto hosted the second Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in
1974 where he delegated and invited leaders from the Muslim world to Lahore.
Bhutto had been an anti-SEATO and preferred a non-aligned policy.
Bhutto improved Pakistan's ties with the Arab world, and sided with the Arab
world during the Arab-Israeliconflict.
 In spite of troubled relations with Israel, Bhutto had made it clear to Israel that
his policy against Israel is not based on "anti-Semitism“.
Between the 1974 and 1976, many ofBhutto's original members had left
Bhutto due to politicaldifferences.
Powerful PPPleaders such as Ghulam Mustafa Khar, former Governor of
Punjab, openly condemned Bhutto and called for protests against hisregime.
Amid protest and civil distress felt in Lahore, and People's Party lost the
administrative control over the city.
On 3 September the Army arrested Bhutto again on charges of authorizingthe
murder of a political opponent in March1974.
Bhutto was declared not guilty of murder, but was sentenced todeath, On 18
March 1978.
On 12 March 1978, Bhutto's former Legal Minister, A.H. Per-Zadah petitioned
the Supreme Court for the release of Bhutto's Science Adviser, Mubashir
Hassan, and to review Bhutto's death sentence based on the splitdecision.
The Supreme Court denied Hassan's release because he was held by Military
Police, but the court agreed to hear the arguments.
On 4 April 1979, the day Bhutto wasexecuted.
 The New York Times published
its report after following the
entire chronological events
surrounding Bhutto's trial which
stated in part "The way they did
it, (Bhutto).. is going to grow
into a legend that will some day
backfire."
Bhutto had been politically aware from an early age. His grave interest in politics led him to write
a letter to Mohammad Ali Jinnah on April 26, 1945 which read:

“You have inspired us and we are proud of you. Being still in school, I am unable to help the
establishment of our sacred land. But the time will come when I will even sacrifice my life for
Pakistan.”
He was the first Asian student to be elected to the student council at USC.Bhutto volunteered for
the election compaign of Democrat Helen Gahagan for a seat in the USsenate.
He was a man full of contradictions. He was a democrat with despotic tendencies, populist but
not afraid of taking a stand, loved his country but not more than himself, socialist while owning
huge tracts of lands and muchmore.
References
1:
If I Am Assassinated by Sani Hussain Panhwar
2:
My Execution by Sanu Hussain Panhwar
3:
Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan by Stanley Wolpert