DEEP

VENOUS
THROMBOSIS

Prepared By: Brian John T. Ampong

BSN II
Deep Venous Thrombosis

– Or DVT.
– It is a condition in which a blood clot is imbedded in one of the major deep
veins in the lower legs, thighs, pelvis, or arm. A clot blocks blood circulation
through these vein, which carry blood from the lower body back to the heart.
The blockage can cause acute pain, swelling or warmth in the lower leg.
– Blood clots in the veins can cause inflammation (irritation) called
thrombophlebitis.
Contd..,

– Severe complications of DVT occur when a clot breaks loose (or embolizes) and
travels through the blood stream, causing blockage of blood vessels (Pulmonary
arteries) in the lung. Called pulmonary embolism (PE), this can lead to severe
difficulty breathing and even death depending on the degree of blockage.
Signs and Symptoms

– Swelling
– Pain
– Redness
– Warmth to touch
– Worsening leg pain when bending the foot
– Leg cramps (especially at night and/ or in the calf)
– Discoloration of skin
Cause

– Causes of DVT include damage to the inside of a blood vessel due to trauma or
other conditions , changes in normal blood flow, or a rate state in which the
blood is more likely than usual a clot (hypercoagulability).
Risk Factors

– Prolonged sitting or immobility

– Recent Surgery
– Recent trauma to the lower body
– Obesity
– Heart attack or heart failure
– Pregnancy or recent childbirth
– High altitudes
– Estrogen therapy or birth control pills
– Cancer
Contd.,

– Rare genetic conditions that affect blood clotting factors

– Certain heart or respiratory conditions
– Medical conditions that affect the veins
Diagnostic Tests

Using imaging tests such as:

– Doppler ultrasound
– Venography
– Impedance plethysmography
– CT scan
Nursing Diagnoses

– Impaired Gas Exchange

– Ineffective Tissue Perfusion
– Acute Pain
– Deficient Knowledge
– Risk for Bleeding
IMPAIRED GAS EXCHANGE
Excess or deficit in oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination at the
alveolar –capillary membrane.

INEFFECTIVE TISSUE PERFUSION

Decrease in oxygen, resulting in failure to nourish tissues at the capillary
level.
ACUTE PAIN
Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience arising from actual or
potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage; sudden or slow
onset of any intensity from mild to severe with anticipated or predictable end and
a duration of <6 months.

DEFICIENT KNOWLEDGE
Absence or deficiency of cognitive information related to a specific topic.
RISK FOR BLEEDING
At risk for a decrease in blood volume that may compromise health.
Treatment

– Treatment of DVT in the leg is individualized for each patient. Usually,

anticoagulation or blood-thinning medication is prescribed to prevent further
clot formation and to minimize the risk that part of the blood clot will break off
and travel to the lung and cause pulmonary embolism.
– In rare cases, large DVT of the leg is treated with surgery in patients who cannot
take blood thinners
Prognosis

– DVT seldom alters the overall prognosis of the patient; the presence or absence
of an underlying malignancy, and the presence or absence of underlying
medical comorbidity such as liver disease or CKD, remain the major prognostic
determinants among DVT patients.
THANK YOU!!!