INTRODUCTION

A generator set also known as genset is the combination of an

electrical generator and an engine mounted together to form a
single piece of equipment that produces electrical power . In the
generator , referred to as an alternator, the mechanical work of
engine generates electrical power .
Diesel generators are an alternative, reliable source of voltage,
power often used by homes and businesses. Diesel generator
produce electricity by using an alternator and a diesel engine. The
uses diesel fuel to operate.
 NECESSITY OF DIESEL
GENERATOR SET
• Generator is used for power backup source. In the industrial
sector and domestic household a backup power supply is
required for various sources and works. Power fluctuations are
also part of cities and therefore generator has been demand
across the country for several applications.
• There are varieties of generator for various application such as
industrial sector, domestic sector,in malls and dance shows
backup power supply is needed.Generator rating depends upon
the load on the industry or any sector , such as 1kv to 100MW.
 PRINCIPAL OF DIESEL
GENERATOR

Faraday discovered the process of “ELETROMAGNETIC

INDUCTION” in early 1830s. This principle hold that if you
move a wire through a magnetic field, an electrical current is
“induced” in the wire. The same is true if the wire is still and
the magnetic field moves.
TYPES OF DIESEL GENERATOR
SET
There are three main types of generators :

1) Portable generator
2) Inverter generator
3) Standby generator
Portable generator
Inverter generator
Standby generator
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF DIESEL
GENERATOR
1) Engine
2) Alternator
3) Fuel system
4) Cooling and exhaust system
5) Lubrication system
6) Control panel
7) Circuit breaker
 ENGINE
a) Type of fuel used- Generator engines operate on variety of
fuels such as diesel, gasoline, propane ( in liquefied or
gaseous form), or natural gas. Smaller engines usually operate
on gasoline while larger engines run on diesel, propane,
propane gas or natural gas .

b) Overhead valve (OHV)Engines- OHV valve engines different

form other engines in that the intake and exhaust valves of
engine are located in the head of the engines cylinder
mounted on engine block.
 ALTERNATOR
The alternator is known as the head of generator is the part of the
generator that produces the electrical output form the
mechanical input supplied by the engine.

a) Stator-This is stationary component . It contains a set of

electrical conductors wound in coil over an iron core.

b) Rotor- This is the moving components that produces a

rotating magnetic field in any one of the following three
ways:
By induction - These are known as brushless alternator and are
usually used in large generators.

By permanent magnet- This is common in small alternator unit

By using exciter- An a exciter is a small source of direct current

that energizes the rotor through an assembly of conducting slip
ring and brushes.
 FUEL SYSTEM
The fuel tank usually has a sufficient capacity to keep the generator
operational for 6 to 8 hours on an average . In the case of small
generator units, the fuel tank is part of the generator skied base or
mounted on top of the generator frame.

Common features of fuel system:

A) Pipe connection from fuel tank to engine- The supply line directs
fuel from the tank to the engine and the return line directs fuel
from the engine to the tank.

B) Overflow connection from fuel tank to drain pipe- This is required

so that any overflow during refilling of the tank. The fuel pump is
typically electrically operated.
C) Fuel pump – This transfer the fuel from the main storage tank
to day tank. The fuel pump is typically electrically operated.

D) Fuel injector – This atomize the liquid fuel and sprays the
required atom of fuel into the combustion chamber of the
engine.
 COOLING AND EXHAUST
SYSTEM
a) Cooling system- Continuous usage of the generator causes
its various components to get heated up. It is essential to have a
cooling and ventilation system to withdraw heat produced in the
process . Raw and fresh water is sometimes used as a coolant for
generator , but this are mostly limited to specific situation like
small generators in city application or very large units over
2250kw and above.
b) Exhaust system- Exhaust fumes emitted by generator are
like exhaust from any other diesel or gasoline engine and contain
highly toxic chemicals that need to be properly managed . Exhaust
pipe are usually made of cast iron , wrought iron or steel . Exhaust
pipe are usually attached to the engine
 LUBRACATION
SYSTEM

It required to ensure durability and smooth operations for long

period of time. The generator engine is lubricated oil stored in
the pump . Check the level of lubricating oil every 8 hours of
the generator operation . And also check for any leakages in
the lubricant and change the lubricating oil every 500 hours of
generator operation.
 Control panel
a) Electrical start and shut-down- Auto start and control
panels automatically start your generator during a power outage,
monitor the generator while in operation , and automatically shut
down the unit when no longer required.
b) Engine gauges- Different gauges indicate important
parameter such as oil pressure , temperature of coolant , battery
voltage e, engine rotation speed , and duration of operation.
c) Other controls- All generator , portable or stationary, have
customized housing that provide a structural base support. The also
allow for the generated to be earthed for safety.
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
The GCB is an effective protection device for the
generator .
a) Starting and maintenance stages
b) Synchronization and normal conditions
c) Abnormal condition including:
1) Overvoltage, unbalanced load
2) Short circuit:
a) Generator side
3) out of phase requirments
THANK YOU