Beruflich Dokumente
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2
GSM – Roaming and Handover
• MAP entities for roaming reside in the MSC, HLR and VLR.
The corresponding interfaces are
– B interface( MSC -VLR)
– C interface (MSC-HLR)
– D interface (HLR-VLR)
– G interface (VLR- VLR)
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Location Registration and Location Update
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Location Registration
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Location Registration
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Location Registration
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Location Registration
Location Registration procedure
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Location Registration procedure
• The TMSI is first sent to the MSC and BSC, but it has to be
passed on to the MS (over the air interface) only in an
encrypted form.
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Location Updating procedure
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• The Location Update procedure is performed:
• When the MS has been switched off and wants to
become active, or
• When it is active but not involved in a call, and it
moves from one location area to another, or
• After a regular time interval.
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Location Updating
• In this case, the new VLR has to request the identification and
security data for the MS from the old VLR and store them
locally.
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Location Updating when the VLR area changes
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Location Updating, when the VLR area too changes
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Connection establishment and termination
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Routing calls to MS
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Routing calls to MS
• At the arrival of a call at the GMSC, the HLR is the only entity
in the GSM network which can supply this information, and
therefore it must be interrogated for each connection setup
to a mobile subscriber.
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Routing incoming calls to MS
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Routing incoming calls
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MSRN and Routing information
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MSRN and Routing information
• This MSRN is assigned on a per call basis, i.e. each call involves
a new MSRN assignment.
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Routing procedures
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Routing procedures for National calls
• In the ideal case, the local switch can interrogate the HLR
responsible for this MSISDN (HLR in the home PLMN of the
subscriber) and obtain the routing information (Figure (a)).
– The connection can then be switched through via fixed
connections of the ISDN directly to the MSC.
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Routing procedures for National calls
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Routing procedures for National calls
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Routing procedures for International calls
• Then the ISC can recognize the NDC of the mobile network
and process the call accordingly.
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Routing procedures for International calls
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Routing procedures for International calls
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Routing procedures for International calls
If no ISC can process the routing, a GMSC has to get involved, either a
GMSC in the country where the call originates or the GMSC of the H-PLMN
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Procedure for incoming call set-up
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Procedure for outgoing call set-up
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MAP procedures and routing for short messages
• A connectionless relay protocol has been defined for the transport
of short messages at the air interface, to store-and forward
operation for short messages.
• For an incoming short message which arrives from the SMS-SC at a
SMS-GMSC, the exact location of the MS is the first item that needs
to be determined.
• The current MSC of the MS is first obtained with a HLR
interrogation (SHORT MESSAGE ROUTING INFORMATION).
• The short message is then passed to this MSC (FORWARD SHORT
MESSAGE) and is locally delivered after paging and SMS connection
setup.
• Success or failure are reported to the SMS-GMSC in another MAP
message (FORWARD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT/ERROR INDICATION)
which then informs the service center.
• In the reverse case, for an outgoing short message, no routing
interrogation is needed, since the SMS-GMSC is known to all MSCs,
so the message can be passed immediately to the SMS-GMSC
MAP procedures and routing for short messages
Handover
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Handover
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Handover
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Types of Handover
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Types of Handover
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Types of Handover
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Types of Handover
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Types of Handover – Soft handover and Hard handover
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