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OUTLINE OF REASERCH
WORK

Economics of Production and

Disposal of Turmeric in Satara
District (M. S.)

Presented by -Miss. Priti Satish Bhosale.

Reg.no. -ADPM/18/2642.
 Chairman, : Dr. A. C. Deorukhakar,
Student Advisory Professor,
Committee Department of Agricultural Economics,
College of Agriculture, Dapoli.

Member-I : Dr. P. J. Kshirsagar. Member-II : Dr. A. N. Desai,

Assistant Professor (CAS), Associate Professor,
Department of Agricultural Economics, Department of Extension Education,
College of Agriculture, Dapoli. College of Agriculture, Dapoli.

Member- : Dr. S. R. Torane.

III Professor (CAS) & DDR,
Agril. Economics DBSKKV, Dapoli,
Department of Agricultural Economics,
College of Agriculture, Dapoli.
.
Member-IV : Dr.V.A.Thorat.
Associate Professor,
Department of Agricultural Economics,
College of Agriculture, Dapoli.
.
 Introduction

 Objectives

 Review of Literature

 Methodology

 Literature cited
• Botanical name - Curcurma longa L.
• Family - Zingiberaceae.
• Origin - South-east Asia..
• Turmeric is very important spice in India
• Turmeric is called as ‘Yellow gold’, ‘Indian Saffron’ and “the golden spice of
life”.
• It's active ingredient is curcumin.
• Turmeric contains upto 5% essential oils and upto 5% curcumin,
polyphenol.
• Climate - Hot and moist.
• Temperature - 20-30˚C. Sensitive to low atmospheric temperature.
• Annual rainfall – 1500mm or more.
• Soil - Loamy or alluvial, loose, friable, and fertile soils.
 Scenario of world
• In the world, India is considered as the largest producer, consumer
and exporter of turmeric.
• Contribution of different countries in world turmeric production -
India (78%), China (8%), Myanmar (4%), Nigeria (3%),
Bangladesh (3%) and Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Burma and
Indonesia jointly around 4 per cent of production.
• India contributes around 60 per cent of world trade in turmeric.
• Major importer of turmeric from India in 2017- United States
(US)
Scenario of India
• Area under turmeric in India(2017-18) - 238 thousand ha
• Production - 1133 thousand MT.
• In India, Nizamabad from Telangana is world’s largest producer
and most important trading centre of turmeric in Asia, hence, the
city is commonly known as Turmeric city. ( Spices Board, India &
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare )
• Major turmeric growing states in India - Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Assam, Karnataka, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Orissa and Kerala.
Scenario of Maharashtra
• Area under turmeric in Maharashtra(2017-18) - 10.70 thousand ha
• Production - 177.90 thousand MT.
• Maharashtra rank in area under turmeric cultivation – sixth.
• Major turmeric growing districts in Maharashtra - Sangali, Satara, Hingoli,
Nanded, Parbhani.
• Sangali and Satara districts are turmeric centers in Maharashtra both in area and
production. (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare )
Uses of turmeric
1. Culinary and medicinal use
2. In cosmetics
3. In gardening
4. In dyeing
5. In ceremonial uses
 Need for the study
• Area under turmeric cultivation increasing day by day, but production is low as
compared to area.
• So there is vast scope to educate the turmeric cultivators in cultivation practices
like tillage, planting, irrigation, fertilizer application, inter culturing operations,
plant protection measures etc.
• This study will helpful in the increasing production per hectare.
• Satara district is selected purposively because it has second highest area and
production under turmeric cultivation in Maharashtra.
1. To study the cultivation practices followed in turmeric production.

2. To work out the economics of turmeric production.

3. To study the resource use efficiency in turmeric production.

4. To study the existing methods of disposal of turmeric.

5. To know the constraints in production and disposal of turmeric.

1. Turmeric production
Madan (2008) studied changing scenario of turmeric production in
India from the period of 1980-1981 to 2002-2003. The conclusions
showed that, turmeric production in the country has registered an average
annual growth rate of 5.81% with increasing productivity by 2.6% .

Sawant et al. (2012) examined profile of the farmers adopting

turmeric production technology in Wai tahsil of satara district. The study
revealed that, highest proportion of turmeric growers belonged to middle
age, received secondary education, medium size of land holding, low
level of annual income, medium socio-economic status, medium social
participation, medium cosmopoliteness, medium level of source of
2. Economics 0f production

Lokesh and Chandrakanth (2004) showed that the gross return of local and

improved varieties of turmeric was Rs. 55000 and Rs. 73160 respectively per
acre the higher gross return in improved variety was due to higher yield by 25
per cent compared to local variety.

Birari et al. (2006) conducted a study on farm level production, processing

and marketing of turmeric in Western Maharashtra. The study revealed that per

hectare returns from the cultivation of turmeric were Rs.27,272.25. On account of

processing of turmeric ,the value addition resulted in additional benefits . The
producers share in price paid by consumer was quite satisfactory and can be

increased due to the non-perishable product of processed turmeric.

3. Functional analysis
kamble (2003) conducted study on economics of production and marketing of
turmeric in sangli district of Maharashtra to examine resource use structure, cost and
return structure, resource productivities and resource use efficiency in turmeric
production. The production function analysis indicated that, the seven resource
variables included in production have jointly explained the variation in turmeric output
significantly. The analysis of marginal value products per unit acquisition cost of input
indicated that, all resource variables except bullock labour were used efficiently at the
overall level.

Mhaske (2013) studied the economics of production and disposal of turmeric in

Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra in which he conclude that, the Cobb-Douglas
production function analysis for overall level of turmeric farms indicated that, seed,
human labour, fertilizers and manures were the significant variables in turmeric
production.
4. Disposal pattern, marketing and export of turmeric

Kaur et al. (2004) analyzed the export performance of Indian turmeric from
the year 1970-71 to 2001-02, the exports of turmeric were 11,109 tonnes in 1970-
71, which were valued at Rs.3.83 crores. There was steady increase in the quantity
exported to a tune of 38,149 tonnes in 2000-01 valued at Rs.94.58 crores @ of
7.32 % / annum both quantity wise and value wise respectively.

Mhaske (2013) studied the economics of production and disposal of turmeric

in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra in which he conclude that, at overall level,
the per farm total production was 228.17 kg from which the total processed
turmeric rhizomes obtained were 78.29kg, highest share of marketable surplus
(96.28%) followed by family consumption.
5. Constraints in turmeric production and disposal
Patil (2000) in his study on the economics of production and marketing of
turmeric in Sangli district of maharashtra, revealed that, the ,marketing problem
faced by turmeric growers were as follows,
1) The interest charged by commission agents on the advance taken by cultivators
was very high.
2) more losses in handling and high commission charges.
3) Commission agent disburses the payment in 5-6 installments to the cultivators
after the sale of produce.
Mhaske (2013) in his studies conclude that, the major constraints faced by the
sample turmeric farmers are, high price fluctuation during the season, which
affect the returns and profitability from turmeric followed by incidence of pests
and diseases.
 1. Sampling design :
1) Selection of region
Western Maharashtra zone will be purposively selected for the present study
where there is more potential for turmeric production.
2) Selection of district
Out of which Satara district will be selected purposively as turmeric production is
increasing in this district.
3) Selection of tahsils
Three tahsils namely Wai, Satara and karad having maximum turmeric production
area are selected purposively.
4) Selection of villages
From each tahsil three villages will be selected randomly.
5) Selection of turmeric cultivators
From each village ten turmeric cultivators will selected randomly.
Thus the total sample consists of 90 turmeric cultivators which were analyzed to
obtain appropriate results.
2. Reference period :
The information and data for present study will pertained to year 2017-2018
for the seasons Kharif and Rabbi. Selected Farmers will be interviewed during
the month of January - February, 2019.

The data will be collected by survey method. The selected farmers will be
interviewed personally with the help of schedule specially designed for the
purpose.

3. Analysis of data :
As per the objectives of the study for drawing meaningful conclusions the
selected farmers will be classified on the basis of appropriate criteria’s and
tabular analysis will be made.
The stratification will carried out with help of statistical tools mean and
standard deviation.
4) Analytical techniques -
• Tabular Analysis :
The data will be processed for arriving at useful conclusions. The data
will arranged in suitable table and cross table. Simple statistical and arithmetic
tools such as averages, percentages, ratios and frequency distributions will
used.
 Cost concept used in analysis:
Standard cost concept used in cost of production studies will be used to
work out cost of cultivation of turmeric.
a) Cost A: Cost A included expenses incurred on hired human labour, seeds,
manures, fertilizers, depreciation on implements and interest on working
capital.
b) Cost B: Cost B included cost A + interest on fixed capital and rental value
of owned land.
c) Cost C: Cost C included Cost B + imputed value of family labour and
supervision charges.
• Functional analysis :
• Amongst the many mathematical functions, Cobb-Douglas type of production
function will be used to estimate resource use efficiency in turmeric production.
• The following form of cob-Douglas production function will be used.
𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟑 𝒃𝟒 𝒃𝟓 𝒃𝟔
𝒀 = 𝒂𝑿𝒃𝟏𝟏 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝟑 𝑿𝟒 𝑿𝟓 𝑿𝟔
• The estimated log linear form of above production will be used for analysis of
data.
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒀 = 𝒂 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑿𝟏 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑿𝟐 + 𝒃𝟑 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑿𝟑 + 𝒃𝟒 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑿𝟒 + 𝒃𝟓 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑿𝟓 +𝒃𝟔 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑿𝟔
• Y=Yield of turmeric (Kg/ha)
• 𝑋1 =Seed ( Kg/ha)
• 𝑋2 =Human labour ( days )
• 𝑋3 = Manures ( Kg/ha )
• 𝑋4 = Plant protection ( Kg/ha)
• 𝑋5= Fertilizers ( Kg/ha )
• 𝑋6 =Irrigation charges ( Rs/ha)

In this functional form, ‘Y’ is the dependent variable and others are the
independent variables will considered on per hectare basis.
Estimation of MPP and MVP

The following formulae were used for calculation of marginal physical product
and marginal value product.

1. Marginal Physical Product (MPP) :

𝑌ത
𝑀𝑃𝑃𝑋𝑖 =bi
𝑋𝑖

Where,

bi=Production elasticities of input

ത Geometric mean of output
𝑌=

𝑋𝑖= Geometric mean of input

2. Marginal Value Product (MVP) :

𝑀𝑉𝑃𝑋𝑖 = 𝑀𝑃𝑃𝑋𝑖 × price per unit of output

3. Marginal cost (MC):

MC = price per unit of input.
• Allocative resource use efficiency -

• After estimating the MVP, the resource use efficiency of different resources
were judged with the help of MVP to factor cost ratio as under,

i. MVP/FC = 1 Optimum use of resources

ii. MVP/FC < 1 Excess utilization of resources

iii. MVP/FC > 1 Under utilization of resources

 Tentative Programme of Research
Work
Sr. Proposed technical work Proposed work
No.

1. Data collection December 2019-Janauary 2020

2. Data processing and analysis February2020-March2020

3. Interpretation of result and Thesis Writing April -2020

4. Thesis submission May 2020

 LITERATURE CITED
Birari K. S., M. R. Patil and PoonamKambale (2006).Farmlevel production, processing and marketing of
turmeric in Western Maharashtra.Agricultural marketing: 4-7.

Kambale P. L., (2003). Economics of production and marketing of turmeric in Sangli district.Unpublished
M.Sc.(Agri) thesis submitted to MPKV, Rahuri.

KaurArjinder, KiranSethiandParmindarKaur. (2004). Export of turmeric: status and prospects. Indian J.

Agril. Mktg., vol.18(1):104-114.

Lokesh G. B. and M. G. Chandrakant (2004) Economics of Production, Marketing of Turmeric in

Karnataka. Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketing, 18 (2): 32-44.

Madan,M. S. (2008). Changing scenario of turmeric production and marketing.Agric. Ind.,

vol.66(4):1193-210.

Mhaske R. D., (2013), Economics of production and disposal of turmeric in Sindhudurg

district.Unpublished M.Sc.(Agri) thesis submitted to DBSKKV, Dapoli.

Patil P.R., (2000). Economics of production and marketing of turmeric in Sangli district (Maharashtra).
Unpublished M.Sc.(Agri.) thesis submitted to MPKV, Rahuri.

Sawant M.S., V.B.Gedam and S.M. Hadole., (2012).Profile of the farmers adaptingturmeric production
technology. International Journal of Agric.Sci.,vol8(2):311-315.