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TOKEN PASSING
PROTOCOL AND
ETHERNET
BY ARSHVIR SINGH
BTECH CSE

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 TOKEN PASSING
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PROTOCOL
T h e To k e n - P a s s i n g P r o t o c o l r e l i e s o n a
control signal called the token. A token is
a 24-bit packet that circulates throughout
the network from NIC to NIC in an orderly
fashion. If a workstation wants to transmit
a message, first it must seize the token.
At that point, the workstation has
complete control over the communications
channel. The existence of only one token
eliminates the possibility of signal
collisions. This means that only one
station can speak at a time. 2 2
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TOKEN
RING

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 Logical Ring Physical
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Star
topology for Token-
Passing Standard
It is sure that any break in the ring at any point will
i n t e r r u p t c o m m u n i c a t i o n s f o r a l l m a c h i n e s . To s o l v e
t h i s p r o b l e m , I B M d e v e l o p e d a m o d i f i e d r i n g t o p o l o g y,
w h i c h t h e y c a l l e d t h e l o g i c a l r i n g p h y s i c a l s t a r. T h e
c e n t r a l p o i n t o f t h e p h y s i c a l s t a r c o n f i g u r a t i o n i s To k e n
Ring hub called the multi-station access unit (MSAU,
pronounced as masow).
Workstations and servers attached to the MSAU
through special STP adapter cables. IBM converted
stars into a logical ring by connecting all MSAU hubs
together through special ring-in (RI) and ring-out (RO)
ports.
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Logical ring Physical Star Topology 5

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Advantages Master
Tokentitle
Ringstyle

• Here are Token ring's most useful advantages:

• a. It offers excellent throughput under high-load conditions.
• b. Token Ring facilitates LAN-to-LAN mainframe connections
especially for interfacing with IBM's broader connectivity strategies.
• c. It has built-in troubleshooting mechanisms such as beaconing and
auto-reconfiguration and may now be used with UTP cabling.
• d. It has the most reliable protocol (token-passing), the most trouble-
free configuration (physical star) and the fastest connectivity scheme
(r or 16 mb/s).

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Disadvantages of Token
titleRing.
style

• Few of the disadvantages of Token Ring are:

• a. Token Ring is very expensive. All topology components cost much

more than other more popular standards.

• b. It is relatively proprietary. Token Ring's complexity is built into the

hardware components. This means hat you need to choose a
manufacturer and stick with it.

• c. Engineers must have considerable expertise to manage and

troubleshoot token ring components.

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What is Ethernet?
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• Ethernet (pronounced "eether net") is a

computer network technology which is used in
different area networks like LAN, MAN, WAN.
Ethernet connecting computers together with
cable so the computers can share information.
Within each main branch of the network,
"Ethernet" can connect up to 1,024 personal
computers and workstations.

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Click toETHERNET
WIRED edit Master title style

• Initially, ethernet can be designed to run over coaxial cables, twisted

pair cables,fiber optic cable.
• Wired Ethernet network, devices are connected with the help of a
fiber optic cable which connects the devices within a distance of
10km. For this, we have to install a computer network interface card
(NIC) in each computer. A unique address is given to each computer
that is connected. So, for sharing data and resources like printers,
computers, and other machines, Ethernet networking is used as it
establishes a communication system.
• Ethernet is a shared medium network technology, where all the
workstations are connected to the same cable and must connect with
one another to send signals over it. The algorithm used to resolve
collisions - that is, when two workstations try to speak at the same
time - is called CSMA/CD, and works by forcing both workstations to
back off for random (and hence probably different) intervals before
trying again.

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Wired
Ethernet

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Advantages Master
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Ethernet
style network

• • It is very reliable.
• • Ethernet network makes use of firewalls for
the security of the data.
• • Data is transmitted and received at very high
speed.
• • It is very easy to use the wired network.

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Disadvantages

• • The wired Ethernet network is used only for

short distances.
• • The mobility is limited.
• • Its maintenance is difficult.
• • Ethernet cables, hubs, switches, routers
increase the cost of installation.

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Types ofedit
Ethernet
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• The maximum data rate of the original

Ethernet technology is 10 megabits per
second (Mbps), but a second generation fast
ethernet carries 100 Mbps, and the latest
version called gigabit ethernet works at 1000
Mbps. Ethernet network can be classified into
3 types:

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Fast to edit Master title style

• This type of Ethernet can transfer data at a

rate of 100 Mbps. Fast Ethernet makes use of
twisted pair cable or fiber optic cable for
communication.
There are three types of fast Ethernet, which
are as follows:
• 100BASE-TX
• 100BASE-FX
• 100BASE-T4

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Click to Ethernet
Gigabit edit Master title style

• This type of Ethernet network can transfer

data at a rate of 1000 Mbps. Gigabit Ethernet
also makes use of twisted pair cable or fiber
optic cable. 48 bits used for addressing in
Gigabit Ethernet.
Nowadays gigabit Ethernet is very popular.
The latest Gigabit Ethernet is a 10 Gigabit
Ethernet, which can transfer data at a rate of
10 Gbps.
Gigabit Ethernet was developed so that it can
meet the needs of the user like faster
communication network, faster transfer of data
etc. 15 15
Click toEthernet
Switch edit Master title style
• Switched Ethernet involves adding switches so that each workstation can
have its own dedicated 10 Mbps connection rather than sharing the
medium, which can improve network throughput - it has the advantage
over rival switched technologies such as asynchronous transfer mode that
it employs the same low-level protocols, cheap cabling, and network
interface cards as ordinary Ethernet.
When we use a switch in a network, then we use a regular network cable
rather than using a crossover cable. The crossover cable is made up of a
transmission pair at one end and a receiving pair at the other end.
The main task of the switch in a network is to transfer the data from one
device to another device in the same network without affecting the other
devices.
It supports different data transfer rates like 10Mbps to 100Mbps for fast
Ethernet and 1000Mbps to 10 Gbps for the latest Ethernet.
This type of Ethernet makes use of star topology.

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Features of Ethernet
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• • Through Ethernet network, data can be sent and received at very high speed.
• • Ethernet network is less expensive.
• • With the help of Ethernet networking, your data is secured as it protected your
data. Suppose that someone is attempting on your network, and then all of the
devices in your network stop processing instantly and wait until the user
attempts to transmit it again.
• • Ethernet facilitates us to share our data and resources like printers, scanners,
computers etc.
• • Ethernet network quickly transmits the data. That’s why, nowadays most of the
universities and college campuses make use of Ethernet technology, which is
based upon the Gigabit Ethernet.

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Thank You

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