Liquid

Nama Anggota
1. Asri Luviani Devi 5213418005
2. Ardian Galih R 5213418009
3. Raihan Mukti R 5213418032
4. Priyanto 521418056
5. Adella Jesse 5213418028
What’s the liquid
A liquid is one of the states of matter. The particles in a liquid are free
to flow, so while a liquid has a definite volume, it does not have a
definite shape. Liquids consists of atoms or molecules that are
connected by intermolecular bonds.
Properties of Liquids
• While the chemical composition of liquids may be very different from each other, the state of matter is
characterized by certain properties:
• Liquids are nearly incompressible fluids. In other words, even under pressure, their value only decreases
slightly.
• The density of a liquid is affected by pressure, but generally the change in density is small. The density of a
liquid sample is fairly constant throughout. The density of a liquid is higher than that of its gas and usually
lower than that of its solid form.
• Liquids, like gases, take the shape of their container. However, a liquid cannot disperse to fill a container
(which is a property of a gas).
• Liquids have surface tension, which leads to wetting.
• Although liquids are common on Earth, this state of matter is relatively rare in the universe because liquids
only exist over a narrow temperature and pressure range. Most matter consists of gases and plasma.
• Particles in a liquid have greater freedom of movement than in a solid.
• When two liquids are placed into the same container, they may either mix (be miscible) or not (be
immiscible). Examples of two miscible liquids are water and ethanol. Oil and water are immiscible liquids.
Electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution
The electrolyte solution that is a solution that can conduct an electrical
current, such as a solution of table salt, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen
chloride, ammonia, and vinegar.

Solution of nonelektrolit is the substance does not conduct electrical

current, such as distilled water, aqueous solutions of sugars, and
alcohol.
Acid-Base Solution
According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance in the water melepakan H +
ions, while the base is a substance in water releasing OH – ion. So the
carrier of the nature of the acid is H + ions, whereas the alkaline nature
of the carrier is the ion OH –
Acidity
Is the manner or method used to determine the nature of the acid or
alkaline a solution by using the measurement of pH.
Acid-Base Titration
Titration is a procedure specifying the levels of an aqueous solution by reacting the solution of a
number of volumes measured with an aqueous solution of other known simply applied (standard
solution) gradually.

Acid-base titration is the process of determining the concentration level in an acid solution and an
alkaline solution. Acid solution here is a chemical compound which when dissolved in water will
produce a pH below 7 and usually this acid is often represented by the general formula Ha chemical.
Meanwhile, bases are chemical compounds which when dissolved in water will produce pH above 7.
This acid-base titration uses an acid and alkaline solution as a titrant and based on a neutralizing
reaction. The titrant is then added little by little until it finally reaches the equivalent point or in
theory between the titrant stokoymmetry and the reaction titers ending properly.
According to the acid base theory, the types of acid and base titrations are divided into five types,
namely strong acids with strong bases, strong acids and weak bases, weak acids with strong bases,
strong acids with salts from weak acids, and strong bases with salt from weak bases. These types of
acid-base titrations each have different chemical formulas and characteristics
Buffer Solution
a system of solutions that can maintain the pH value of the solution so
that there is no significant change in pH due to addition of acid or base
or dilution. This solution is also called a buffer solution or buffer.
Salt Hydrolysis
hydrolysis is a decomposition reaction in water. Salt hydrolysis is a
reaction to decompose salts in water to form positive ions and negative
ions. These ions will react with water to form acid (H3O +) and base
(OH -) origin
Ksp
a. solubility is used to express the maximum amount of a substance
that can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent. Solubility
(especially for substances that are difficult to dissolve) is expressed
in units of moles. L – 1. So, solubility (s) is equal to molarity (M).
b. Ksp : In a saturated solution of a dissolved electrolyte, there is an
equilibrium between the insoluble solids and the dissolved ions of
the substance. Karena zat padat tidak mempunyai molaritas, maka
tetapan kesetimbangan reaksi di atas hanya melibatkan ion-ionnya
saja, dan tetapan kesetimbangannya disebut tetapan hasil kali
kelarutan (Ksp) (James E. Brady, 1990).