Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Presented by:
Dean Findley
• Phase I Goals
– Develop and validate a reliable approach to measuring
labor cost and productivity
– Understand the relationships between labor
productivity and the project practices that IPA has
traditionally gathered (FEL, etc.)
• Phase II Goals
– Explore the relationship between engineering and
construction execution practices and labor productivity
in high wage countries
• Conclusions
Greater Houston
Europe 20%
27%
W. USGC
5%
E. USGC
US Northeast 14%
15%
N. Calif.
2%
US Midwest
US S. East S. Calif
4%
10% 3%
Netherlands
17% Spain
Germany 4%
8%
United Kingdom
33%
France
34%
Belgium
4%
Greenfield/Colocated
23% Revamp
32%
Add-on
24%
Expansion
21%
WORSE
WORSE
1.4
Poorer Labor
Productivity
Labor Productivity Index
1.2
0.8
Better Labor
Productivity
BETTER
BETTER
0.6
• Conclusions
1.10
Labor Cost Index
1.05
1.00
0.95
– Engineering status
Pr <.006
Labor Productivity Index
1.10
8 percent better
than average
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
Assumed Preliminary Definitive
1.05
Labor Cost Index
1.00
0.95
0.90
Milestone Integrated
Critical Path Resource-loaded
Schedule
1.15
Resource loading is not necessary to
improve labor productivity on small
1.10 projects. (But it does produce shorter
schedules).
Labor Cost Index
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
Integrated
Milestone Critical Path Resource-loaded
Schedule
- Labor Productivity Phase II 21 INDEPENDENT PROJECT ANALYSIS
Labor Productivity and the VIPs
1.2
1.1
0.9
BETTER
0.8
Owner “Integrated” Separate Contractor
only owner Owner & only
contractor contractor
- Labor Productivity Phase II 26 INDEPENDENT PROJECT ANALYSIS
Any Deviation from Construction Plan
Drives Poor Productivity
WORSE
1.10
Productivity Index
1.05
1.00
0.95
BETTER
0.90
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
1.10
1.05
Productivity Index
1.00
0.90
BETTER
0.85
5 6 7 8 9 10
Ratio of Workers to Supervisors
1.2
1.15
Productivity Index
1.1
1.05
1
BETTER
0.95
35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
Hours/Week
1.4
1.1
0.9
1 2 3 4 5 6
Months of 50-Hour Weeks
- Labor Productivity Phase II 31 INDEPENDENT PROJECT ANALYSIS
Outline
• Conclusions
1.4
1.3
Productivity Index
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
Indexed to USGC = 1
0.8
1986 1991 1996 2001
USGC Europe Southern UK
Europe=1.084
USGC=1
.76 1 1.24
Labor Productivity Index
- Labor Productivity Phase II 36 INDEPENDENT PROJECT ANALYSIS
Outline
• Temperature Variables
– temp90 - Percent of construction days with the daily high
temperature above 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32 degrees C)
– coldxx - Percent of construction days with the “cooling degree
days” measure greater than 10, 15, 20, or 25. Cooling degree days
are measured as each degree of temperature of the daily mean above
65 degrees F (18 degrees C).
– Heatxx - Percent of construction days with the “heating degree
days” measure greater than 10, 15, 20, or 25. Heating degree days
are measured as each degree of temperature of the daily mean below
65 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Precipitation Variables
– snow - Percent of construction days with 1/2 inch or more of daily
snowfall
• Wind
– windxx - Percent of construction days with resultant wind speed
greater than 15, 20, or 25 miles per hour. Resultant wind speed is
calculated as the vector sum of the wind’s speed divided by the
number of observations.
• Discomfort
– Caution - Percent of construction days where combination of heat
and humidity qualified as a “caution” condition by the National
Weather Service
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Wind15 Danger Cold15 Caution Temp90 Cold10
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Danger Caution Cold15
• Conclusions